introduction: chest x–ray is one of the most common method of imaging. cardio thoracic ratio ( ctr ) is one of the parameters of chest x–ray that is used for determining cardiac enlargement. echocardiography as compared to chest x–ray is expensive and all centers dont have it, but it can determine heart size, valvular diseases, ejection fraction, left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh), pericardial ...

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an important tool for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Appropriate use of TTE can reduce the need for more invasive and complex modalities, such as cardiac catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. New echocardiographic techniques have emerged for the assessment of ventricular systolic and diastolic fu...

A definitive diagnosis of myocarditis requires right ventricular biopsy. Despite its specificity, however, right ventricular biopsy may lack sensitivity due to the focal nature of the disease. Because indium 111-monoclonal antimyosin antibody imaging can be used to detect myocardial necrosis, this procedure was performed on 28 patients clinically suspected of having myocarditis, 25 of whom had ...

The right ventricular apex (RVA) is a potential hot spot for development of cardiac rhythm anomalies. Many conditions, including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and Brugada's syndrome affect the RVA, and further, the RVA remains an incompletely characterized pacing region. Whether there are structural reasons underlying these conduction properties remains unsettled. In the curre...

Electrocardiogram gated magnetic resonance imaging was performed in nine healthy volunteers, in four patients with pulmonary hypertension, and in 16 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Fifty two short axis images in diastole were examined to assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for the measurement of the thickness of the free wall of the right ventricle and the degree of h...

Right ventricular dysfunction represents a common problem in patients with congenital heart defects, such as Tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary arterial hypertension. Patients with congenital heart defects may present with a pressure or volume overloaded right ventricle (RV) in a bi-ventricular heart or in a single ventricular circulation in which the RV serves as systemic ventricle. Both subsets...

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether alterations in N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) reflect changes in right ventricular structure and function in pulmonary hypertension patients during treatment. The study consisted of 30 pulmonary hypertension patients; 15 newly diagnosed and 15 on long-term treatment. NT-proBNP, right heart catheterisation and cardiac ...