In the standard real options approach to investment under uncertainty, agents formulate optimal policies under the assumptions of risk neutrality or perfect capital markets. However, in most situations, corporate executives face incomplete markets either because they receive compensation packages that restrict their portfolios or because cash flows from the firm’s investment opportunities are n...

This study explores how intangible assets affect crash risk in Indonesia as the representative of emerging markets, especially for low intellectual capital firms. We employ regression analysis to investigate effect on Indonesia. The findings suggest that firms with are more vulnerable risk. Our further investigations also find stimulate IC firms, but cannot explain high implies Indonesia’s use ...

In a mean-variance world, a less risk averse agent accepts additional variance in exchange for higher expected return. This is not true in all complete markets, but we show that a similar result holds with risk and return defined as in stochastic dominance. Specifically, an agent is less risk averse than another if and only if the agent chooses a payoff that is distributed as the other’s payoff...

An Alternative Explanation for the Variation in Reported Estimates of Risk Aversion There is a large literature estimating Arrow-Pratt coefficients of absolute and relative risk aversion. A striking feature of this literature is the very wide variation in the reported estimates of the coefficients. While there are often legitimate reasons for these differences in the estimates, there is another...

Recent literature discusses the persistence of skewness and tail risk in hedge fund returns. The aim of this paper is to suggest an alternative skewness measure  which is derived as the normalized shape parameter from the skew-normal distribution. First, we illustrate that the skew-normal distribution is better able to catch the characteristics of hedge fund returns than the normal distributio...

This paper focuses on portfolio risk forecasting in an asymmetrical framework. Risk is defined by two factors; the dependence structure and the volatility. In order to account for asymmetric dependencies, the return series’ interdependence is estimated via a Copula approach rather than the correlation matrix. This allows to capture tightening dependence during market turmoils and loose dependen...

Noise is essential for the existence of a liquid market, and if noise traders are not present in the market, the trade volume will drop severely and an important aspect of the market philosophy will be lost. However, these noise traders bring noise to the market, and the existence of noise in prices indicates a temporary deviation in prices from their fundamental values. In particular, high-fre...

Financial innovation in recent decades has expanded portfolio choice. We investigate how greater choice affects investors’ savings and asset returns. establish a channel by which increases savings—by enabling them to earn the aggregate risk premium or take speculative positions. In equilibrium, customization (access risky assets beyond market portfolio) reduces risk-free rate. Participation but...

In attempting to promote bank stability, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2006) provides a framework that seeks to control the amount of tail risk that large banks take in their trading books. However, banks around the world suffered sizeable trading losses during the recent crisis. Due to the size and prevalence of losses, a formal examination of whether the Basel framework allows b...

We address the empirical implementation of the static asset allocation problem by developing a forward-looking approach that uses information from market option prices. To this end, constant maturity S&P 500 implied distributions are extracted and subsequently transformed to the corresponding risk-adjusted ones. Then, we form optimal portfolios consisting of a risky and a risk-free asset and ev...