Wetland grasses and grass-like monocots are very important natural remediators of pollutants. Their genetic improvement is an important task because introduction of key transgenes can dramatically improve their remediation potential. Tissue culture is prerequisite for genetic manipulation, and methods are reported here for in vitro culture and micropropagation of a number of wetland plants of v...

For the broad spectrum of cognitive biological phenomena having ‘dual’ information sources, isolation from crosstalk between them requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This allows an evolutionary exaptation leading to dynamic global broadcasts at multiple scales, similar to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in physiolog...

In urban rivers, groups of large waves are generated when boats like tankers pass. These waves are the main cause of reed covered bank erosion. Reed banks are required in order to protect the riverbank and to provide inhabitant for wildlife. Therefore it is important to clarify a relationship between wave energy and rate of bank erosion. For this purpose, we constructed detached breakwaters in ...

Bridges are essential structures that connect riverbanks and facilitate transportation. However, bridge piers abutments can disrupt the natural flow of rivers, causing a rise in water levels upstream bridge. The levels, known as backwater or afflux, threaten stability service bridges riverbanks. It is postulated applications estimation models with more precise afflux predictions enhance safety ...