Powering desalination by waste heat is often proposed to mitigate energy consumption and environmental impact; however, thorough technology comparisons are lacking in the literature. This work numerically models the efficiency of six representative desalination technologies powered by waste heat at 50, 70, 90, and 120 ◦C, where applicable. Entropy generation and Second Law efficiency analysis a...

This study examines the feasibility of indirect solar desalination in oil producing countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It relies on value engineering (VE) and costbenefit with sensitivity analyses to identify optimal coupling configurations of desalination and solar energy technologies. A comparative return on investment was assessed as a function of water costs for va...

Reverse osmosis (RO). has become a standard unit operation in Chemical Engineering. This separation process can be used for a wide variety of applications including: desalination of sea water, treatment of industrial wastes, concentration of food products, and recovery of value materials from solution mixtures. In order to best utilize RO it is necessary to have a fundamental understanding of t...

Capacitive desalination is a promising desalination technique. A novel fl ow-through electrode architecture utilizes a newly developed porous carbon material to achieve dramatic improvements in desalination rate and salt concentration reduction. Image depicts a capacitive desalination cell with a fl ow-through architecture. Capacitive desalination (CD) is a promising desalination technique as, ...

Desalination of brackish groundwater (BW) is an effective approach to augment water supply, especially for inland regions that are far from seawater resources. Brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination is still subject to intensive energy consumption compared to the theoretical minimum energy demand. Here, we review some of the BWRO plants with various system arrangements. We look at h...

Humidification-dehumidification (HD or HDH) desalination, and specifically HD driven by a thermal vapor compressor (TVC), is a thermal desalination method that has the potential to produce potable water efficiently in order to address the growing demand for water. This article presents a numerical study and optimization of two HD-TVC cycle configurations in order to determine the best achievabl...

Disposal of RO concentrates emanating from inland brackish water desalination plants presents a difficult environmental problem. The solution adopted by Mekorot – the National Water Company of Israel – is to construct a 30 km waste disposal pipeline for collecting concentrates emanating from several RO desalination plants and discharging them into the sea. The discharged concentrates are highly...

A large-scale parallel-unit seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant contains many reverse osmosis (RO) units. If the operating conditions change, these RO units will not work at the optimal design points which are computed before the plant is built. The operational optimization problem (OOP) of the plant is to find out a scheduling of operation to minimize the total running cost when the ch...

This work focuses on the design of a supervisory predictive control system for the optimal management and operation of a stand-alone wind-solar energy generation system which provides power to a reverse-osmosis (RO) water desalination system. We design the supervisory control system via model predictive control which coordinates the wind and solar subsystems as well as a battery bank to best sa...