Studies on tree reaction after wounding were so far based on artificial wounding or chemical treatment. For the first time, type, spread and intensity of anatomical responses were analyzed and quantified in naturally disturbed Larix decidua Mill., Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Abies alba Mill. trees. The consequences of rockfall impacts on increment growth were assessed at the height of the wound...

Abstract The Karakoram Highway links north Pakistan with southwest China. It passes through unique geomorphological, geological and tectonic setting. This study focused 200-km-long section of the highway starting from Besham until Chilas. Landslides are frequent mostly triggered by torrential rain during Monsoon Westerlies, leading to blockade. Rockfall debris flow prime mode slope failures. Re...

Optical flow is a vision-based approach that used for tracking the movement of objects. This robust technique can be an effective tool determining source failures on slope surfaces, including dynamic behavior rockfall. However, optical flow-based measurement still remains issue as data from algorithms affected by varied photographing environment, such weather and illuminations. To address probl...

Abstract The stability properties of a freely rotating rigid body are governed by the intermediate axis theorem, i.e., rotation around major and minor principal axes is stable whereas unstable. importance for prediction rockfall. Current numerical schemes 3D rockfall simulation, however, not able to correctly represent these properties. In this paper an extended theorem presented, which only in...