It appears that ruminants such as cattle and sheep evolved as forage consumers. Plant cell walls, which we measure as fiber, cannot be digested by animals, but must be fermented by microorganisms. Fermentative digestion of fiber is slow and incomplete, and ruminants have developed many attributes that result in efficient digestion. They swallow large particles of forage and selectively retain t...

Micro minerals have a great impact on animal's reproductive physiology and its imbalance causes various problems leading to lowered reproductive efficiency and resultant monetary loss to the dairy industry. Adequate micro minerals supplementation is required as most of the roughages, greens, concentrates and even most of commercial feeds available to Indian market are deficient in trace mineral...

British breeds of cattle are not so effective as Zebu in extracting nutrients from low-quality roughages, and these breeds differ in their nutrient metabolism and animal physiology. Breeds of cattle may differ in their requirements for Mg. Brahman cows are less susceptible to death from disease and metabolic disorders than are British breeds of cattle, whereas cows with 50% or greater dairy bre...

More than 50% of the households Gandaki province have been rearing buffaloes. Whereas in mid hills 1-2 number buffalo is present most houses which are reared for sustainable purpose. A cross sectional study was carried out a year selecting 20 farms from four locations; Parbat, Nagi ramche, Tarakhola and Lwang ghalel, Kaski. Similarly, farm Directorate Agricultural Research, also studied. The pu...