The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The concept of automated highway system (AHS) was motivated primarily by its potential for large capacity and safety gains without requiri...

Claims that roadway investments spur new travel and thus fail to relieve traffic congestion, known as induced demand, have thwarted road development in both the United States and abroad. Most past studies point to a significant induced demand effect. This research challenges past results by employing a path model to causally sort out the links between freeway investments and traffic increases, ...

Based on the review of the development situation of the ETC home and abroad and the ETC key technology, this paper put forward to apply ZigBee network in the freeway ETC system. CC2431 wireless location function is used in the high speed highway ETC system to realize data transmission between network centre node and terminal node safely, which records passing information of the vehicle terminal...

1 The procedures detailed in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) estimate capacity and 2 several operational measures dictating level of service for freeway facilities and surface streets. 3 However, these methods do not consider cases in which spillback occurs from one facility type 4 to another. The queueing effects in oversaturated conditions as they propagate upstream – onto a 5 freeway ...

have used either revealed preference or stated preference data and various forms of logit choice models (e.g., multinomial, nested, and mixed random effect) to identify marginal rates of substitution between travel time and the price of a trip. It is intuitive that the value of travel time is not constant in all situations. Previous studies suggest it varies by assorted trip characteristics inc...

An important task for progress in IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems) is the development of methods for real-time traffic scene analysis. All three major applications of IVHS ADIS (Advanced Driver Information Systems), ATMS (Advanced Traffic Management Systems), and AVCS (Automated Vehicle Control Systems) could benefit from accurate, high-level descriptions of traffic situations. For ex...

The photosynthetic chloroplast is the hallmark organelle of green plants. During the endosymbiotic evolution of chloroplasts, the vast majority of genes from the original cyanobacterial endosymbiont were transferred to the host cell nucleus. Chloroplast biogenesis therefore requires the import of nucleus-encoded proteins from their site of synthesis in the cytosol. The majority of proteins are ...

Bottlenecks are critical components of freeway systems and are of increasing importance as congestion worsens in major urban areas. In the U.S., the Federal Highway Administration has launched a new initiative aimed at identifying key bottlenecks in each state. In Oregon, a freeway data archive has been established that stores vehicular count, occupancy, and speed data from over 600 locations a...

15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. 16. Abstract As the technological complexities of and public demands upon our Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) infrastructure increase, new opportunities and requirements arise regarding how best to manage existing ITS assets and select future depl...