OBJECTIVE The paper examines whether out-of-pocket health care expenditure also has regional discrepancies, comparing to the equity between urban and rural areas, and across households. METHOD Sampled data were derived from Urban Household Survey and Rural Household Survey data for 2011/2012 for Anhui Province, and 11049 households were included in this study. The study compared differences i...

Introduction There is on-going debate about the merits of programmes supported by international aid, with critics arguing that many programmes are unsustainable, that they follow international agendas and lead to fragmentation of national health systems. The debate focuses on large providing for patients’ health needs and the impact of the programme within the public health system. Vietnam has ...

BACKGROUND The configuration of rural health services is influenced by geography. Rural health practitioners provide a broader range of services to smaller populations scattered over wider areas or more difficult terrain than their urban counterparts. This has implications for training and quality assurance of outcomes. This exploratory study describes the development of a "clinical peripherali...

Background and purpose: Utilization of health care services and food influence the health status. The food and health care expenditure ratios determine the importance level of them in household's consumption expenditures. We aimed to investigate the Iranian rural and urban food and health expenditure ratios inequality during 1998 to 2012. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive longitudina...

OBJECTIVES To examine user perceptions of health care delivery in selected rural and urban areas of three Central American countries. DESIGN Three focus group studies were conducted in 1997-98 in Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama. In each selected region, 10 to 15 groups met to discuss health services available, access to and use of the services, satisfaction with different aspects of care and...

the objective of this study has been to examine the relationship between home and the hospital confinement in the treatment of serious illness and the impact of such phenomena on the pattern of the delivery of health care in the rural areas. in this study a total of 10,248 inhabitants of 11 villages in isphahan (mobarakeh area) were studied during a six months period between march and september...

With 2.7 trillion dollars in annual health spending, America has no excuse for designs that have failed for decades with regard to rural health workforce development. Rural workforce failure can best be understood as the inevitable result of failure by design. Designs for revenue are insufficient to support the rural clinician workforce that would resolve deficits. The designs of health profess...

Historically, in Canada, rural nurses provided health care that incorporated not only care of disease processes and acute illness but also care related to social and political aspects of need and advocacy. With the advent of urbanized, acute hospital care and the focus of disease and cure, the role of the rural nurse was diminished. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the rural ...

BACKGROUND This study analyses the association between rurality and local rate of avoidable hospitalizations in a Spanish region with high population dispersion. METHODS Ecological study using a municipality in the region of Castile and Leon (Spain) as the spatial unit of analysis. The variables used to operationalize rurality included the following: distance to hospital, population density, ...

Targeted postgraduate training increases the likelihood young doctors will take up careers in rural generalist medicine. This article describes the postgraduate pathways that have evolved for these doctors in New Zealand. The Cairns consensus statement 2014 defined rural medical generalism as a scope of practice that encompasses primary care, hospital or secondary care, emergency care, advanced...