Crystal toxin Cry1Ca from Bacillus thuringiensis has an insecticidal spectrum encompassing lepidopteran insects that are tolerant to current commercially used B. thuringiensis crops (Bt crops) expressing Cry1A toxins and may be useful as a potential bioinsecticide. The mode of action of Cry1A is fairly well understood. However, whether Cry1Ca interacts with the same receptor proteins as Cry1A r...

Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) contains a number of genes with a homologue found so far only in a distantly related baculovirus. One of these, SeMNPV ORF17/18 (Se17/18) shares 55% amino acid similarity to ORF129 of Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus (XcGV). Se17/18 was transcribed in cultured S. exigua 301 cells, as a polyadenylated transcript of 1.1 kb. 5'-RACE analysis ...

Insect-specific ascoviruses with a circular genome are distributed in the USA, France, Australia and Indonesia. Here, we report the first ascovirus isolation from Spodoptera exigua in Hunan, China. DNA-DNA hybridization to published ascoviruses demonstrated that the new China ascovirus isolate is a variant of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3a (HvAV-3a), thus named HvAV-3h. We investigated the ph...

Environ. Entomol. 22(2): 432-437 (1993) ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner toxicity is a dose-dependent phenomenon, and the dose acquired by an individual is directly related to the quantity of treated food consumed. A bioassay was conducted using two Apium graveolens var. rapaceum (L.) cultivars to determine if the B. thuringiensis dose acquired by Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner) (Lepidopter...

BACKGROUND Nicotiana attenuata is attacked by larvae of both specialist (Manduca sexta) and generalist (Spodoptera exigua) lepidopteran herbivores in its native habitat. Nicotine is one of N. attenuata's important defenses. M. sexta is highly nicotine tolerant; whether cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated oxidative detoxification and/or rapid excretion is responsible for its exceptional tolerance rem...

We examined the impact climate change (CC) will have on the availability of climatically suitable habitat for three native and one exotic riparian species. Due to its increasing prevalence in arid regions throughout the western US, we predicted that an exotic species, Tamarix, would have the greatest increase in suitable habitat relative to native counterparts under CC. We used an ecological ni...

Allium ascalonicum L. is a commodity household Indonesian consume for daily cooking. However, the constraint on shallot production attacked by Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808)). So far, farmers have relied lot control methods using chemical pesticides, which negatively impact environment. The fruit of Aegle marmelos contains fatty substance called tannin, one compounds with bitter taste that in...

Spodoptera exigua, which feeds on various crops worldwide, has natural enemies that are susceptible to the insecticides used against S. exigua. We investigate the toxicity and residue risk of 9 insecticides on the development of H. axyridis, C. sinica, S. manilae and T. remus. S. manilae and T. remus adults were sensitive to all 9 insecticides (LC50 less than 2.75 mg a.i. liter-1), while H. axy...

beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hübner, (lep., noctuidae), is one of the most important polyphagous pests of sugar beet in iran and many other countries. in most cases, this pest needs to be controlled for a few times in a crop season. baculoviruses are effective biological control agents which could be integrated to control program of this pest with other integrated pest management (ipm) elem...

Feeding by Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) larvae on Zea mays (maize) induces expression of 9-lipoxygenases to a greater extent than 13-lipoxygenases. Whereas 13-lipoxygenases have an established role in the synthesis of jasmonates that serve as defense signaling molecules in many plant species, relatively little is known about the role of 9-lipoxygenases in herbivore defense. Phylogenetic an...