Reflex-based procedures are important measures in preclinical pain studies that evaluate stimulated behaviors. These procedures, however, are insufficient to capture the complexity of the pain experience, which is often associated with the depression of several innate behaviors. While recent studies have made efforts to evidence the suppression of some positively motivated behaviors in certain ...

The effect of ulcérationof the urinary bladder on bladder carcinogenesis induced by W-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) or sodium saccharin was evaluated in 5week-old F344 rats which were all killed 2 years after the start of the experiment. The results indicate that long-term feeding of sodium saccharin, a nonmutagen, appears to be capable of inducing bladder tumors if admini...

In this project, new derivatives of fluorescein were synthesized using the reaction of maleic anhydride and saccharin with phenol derivatives in the presence of ZnCl2, and their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Fluorimetry studies showed that, the synthesized compounds can be utilized as fluorescent agents, and their efficiencies were dependent on pH of solution. Acco...

We examined several parameters of urine excretion during a two-year initiation-promotion experiment in male Fischer rats using four weeks of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazoly]formamide at 0.2% of the diet as the initiating agent and either 5% sodium saccharin or 2% L-tryptophan in the diet as promoting agents. Rats fed sodium saccharin increased their intake of water; this was accompanied by di...

The mechanism of the coupling step in polynucleotide synthesis using 5'-4,4'-dimethoxytritylthymidine-3'-beta-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite as the phosphitylating agent and catalysed by the salt of saccharin and N-methylimidazole in acetonitrile has been studied by (31)P NMR. Pre- and post-equilibria between the activator salt and released diisopropylamine have been examined by (1)H...

The effect of ulcérationof the urinary bladder on bladder carcinogenesis induced by W-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) or sodium saccharin was evaluated in 5week-old F344 rats which were all killed 2 years after the start of the experiment. The results indicate that long-term feeding of sodium saccharin, a nonmutagen, appears to be capable of inducing bladder tumors if admini...

Please be advised that this information was generated on 2016-05-01 and may be subject to change. A bstract Previous studies have shown that stressors at­ tenuate LiCl-induced conditioned taste aversions (CTA) but not morphine-induced CTA. The current studies ex­ amined the effects of footshock on the acquisition and extinction of amphetamine-induced CTA. Experiment 1 demonstrated that exposure...

The existence of at least two stages in bladder carcinogenesis was evaluated in male Fischer rats using N-[14-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) fed for six weeks at a level of 0.2% of the diet as the initiator. Sodium saccharin and DL-tryptophan were fed at levels of 5 and 2% of the diet, respectively, as possible promoting chemicals, and they were fed either immediately after FAN...

Abstract Sucrose, xylose, and saccharin are commonly used beverage additives long-term consumption of these compounds inevitably affects the oral immune system composition microbiomes. In this study, we 24 Sprague Dawley rats divided into four groups, i.e., sucrose, saccharin, or pure water treated over an eight week period to evaluate any changes in composition, community structure, function A...