the first border treaties of iran, the documents of which are available, were signed in safavid period between iran and ottoman empire. treaties were initially in the form of royal letters which were exchanged between heads of countries. they involved acceptance of peace instead of war. later on, officially sealed documents called sonurname were exchanged together with them. these documents con...

the era of sadradin mosa safavi (1334-1389) coincided with disintegration of the ilkhanid dynasty and the start of the fatrat period one of the most important periods in which the safavid family tried to preserve and expand their properties and possessions resorting to popular actions like building sufis’ house and monastery. during this period not only sadrodin made conscious efforts to expa...

public bathes have much importance in islamic cities, after the most significant structures like mosques and schools. there are a number of factors affecting the construction of bathes among which temperature regulation, humidity, access path, location in the urban texture, watercourses, and construction of exit paths are the most important. this study tries to make a comparative analysis of t...

the presence of european missionaries in iran was the important issue in the history of the safavid. one of the most important groups of missionaries was carmelites who came to iran to try to spread the catholic faith in this country.they came to iran during the rule of shah abbas i apparently to create an alliance between iran and the christian countries of europe against the ottoman and indee...

the relationships between the safavids and the shirvānshāhs and the situation of the shirvān province during the safavid’s reign comprise one of the important chapters in safavid history from the politico-military dimension and on the internal and regional level. the appearance of shah ismā‘īl i in the scene of political challenge and his attack on shirvān in 906/1500, destabilized the power of...

15. yüzyılın ortalarında Avrupa'da büyük bir panik yaşanmıştı. Bu Fatih Sultan Mehmed'in 1453 yılında Konstantiniyye'yi fethetmesi sonucunda kısa sürede Batı'ya doğru hızla ilerlemesi ile ilgiliydi. Avrupa devletleri, acilen Türk tehditine karşı işlemler görmeye ve karşıtı blok oluşturulmasına başlamışlardı. Azerbaycan'ı bu bloğa çekmek için kapsamlı politika izleniyordu. Amaç Osmanlı Devleti'n...