Abu Ali Hossein Ebn Abdullah Ben Ali Ben Sinna entitled as Shayhk-o-Rayeis in the East and well known in the west by the name of Avicenna was born in a place called Afsharneh near the city of Bokhara in 980 AD but resided in the city of Balkh. He was five years old when his father took him to the city of Bokhara to study Holy Quran where his extraordinary memory became apparent and he memorized...

Anna Demming Publishing Editor, IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK Refractive index effects using nanoscale systems are frequently applied in new imaging, sensing and even visibility cloaking technology. In this issue, researchers in Japan use simulations and experiments to describe the confinement of optical vortices in nanoscale fin structures and the sensitivity of these systems to the refractive i...

With super-resolution optical microscopy, it is now possible to observe molecular interactions in living cells. The obtained images have a very high spatial precision but their overall quality can vary a lot depending on the structure of interest and the imaging parameters. Moreover, evaluating this quality is often difficult for non-expert users. In this work, we tackle the problem of learning...

Pharmacy which is an art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and Materia Medica gives the names, sources physical characters and chemical properties of herbs or substances used in medicine and their doses have been interwoven connected with medicine from the time immorial. This can be traced back to the findings of ancient Egyptian and Unani Physician like Hippocrates (460-377 B.C) Di...

Pharmacy which is an art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and Materia Medica gives the names, sources physical characters and chemical properties of herbs or substances used in medicine and their doses have been interwoven connected with medicine from the time immorial. This can be traced back to the findings of ancient Egyptian and Unani Physician like Hippocrates (460-377 B.C) Di...

Even though, the term 'allergy' first appeared in the medical literature in 1906, allergic diseases such as asthma, urticaria and eczema have been known for centuries, and their history dates back to antiquity.1 In the Middle Ages, 'rose fever' was a well-known entity with symptoms similar to hay fever.2The first description of the clinical symptoms of hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis) is ...

concerning the article on ”cataract surgery in albucasis manuscript” pages 75-76 which is published in this issue of iranian journal of ophthalmology (irjo) a few points took my attention worth mentioning.     the science of ophthalmology and cataract surgery was developed 6,000 years ago, not in egypt but at mesopotamian region. the babylonians mastered this science 2,000 years before the glor...

Distribution and abundance of fishes associated with Sargassum mats in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico were examined off northern (Galveston) and southern (Port Aransas) Texas from May–August, 2000. A total of 36 species (17 families) was identified from larval purse seine collections. Individuals from seven species composed over 97% of the catch: planehead filefish Monacanthus hispidus (Linnae...

Many schools are initiating projects that place laptop computers into the hands of each student and teacher in the school IJjese projects entail a great deal of planning and investment by all involved. The teachers in these schools are faced with significant challenges as they prepare for teaching in classrooms where every student has a computer. Using the Concerns-Based Adoption Model of chang...

•Formation of an AviCys residue in thioviridamides relies on four dedicated proteins•A lyase functionally associates with a phosphotransferase for Thr dehydration•Kinase homolog TvaE plays critical role effective formation•TvaE works LanD-like flavoprotein to form minimum synthetase complex 2-Aminovinyl-cysteine (AviCys) is thioether amino acid shared by variety ribosomally synthesized and post...