This study investigates the real effects of exchange rate changes on exports with three key features; pricing in a dominant currency like US dollar, imported intermediary use production, and dependent major demanded countries. We test longitudinal rates using data set both gross value-added bilateral exports. The finding distinguishes positive panel effect dollar depreciation due to liquidity f...

this paper presents an analytic procedure for the value added to different production levels with different policy options. the approach is stochastic and thus provides a framework for informed decision-making on productivity growth under uncertainty conditions. the model was applied to data collected from a firm and re-sults recommend that the firm should redevelop if in diversification and sy...