Recent local measurements of the Hubble constant made using supernovae have delivered a value that differs by $\ensuremath{\sim}5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ (statistical error) from predictions cosmic microwave background (CMB), or baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints, which are themselves consistent. The effective volume covered is small compared to other ...

Time-to-event endpoints show an increasing popularity in phase II cancer trials. The standard statistical tool for such one-armed survival trials is the one-sample log-rank test. Its distributional properties are commonly derived large sample limit. It however known from literature, that asymptotical approximations suffer when size small. There have already been several attempts to address this...

we develop a two phase sampling procedure to determine the sample size necessary to estimatethe population mean of a normally distributed random variable and show that the resulting estimator has preassigned variance and is unbiased under a regular condition. we present a necessary and sufficient condition under which the final sample mean is an unbiased estimator for the population mean.

Asynchronous Q-learning aims to learn the optimal action-value function (or Q-function) of a Markov decision process (MDP), based on single trajectory Markovian samples induced by behavior policy. Focusing $\gamma $ -discounted MDP wi...