Application of a delaminated kaolin clay base coat onto linerboard provides a barrier coating for a subsequently applied polymer top coat with potential advantages of increased paper stiffness, improved water resistance at reduced polymer overcoat. Motivated by coating material cost reduction, feasibility of the technique is demonstrated by applying a delaminated clay coating online followed by...

Manure-borne bacteria can be transported in runoff as free cells, cells attached to soil particles, and cells attached to manure particles. The objectives of this work were to compare the attachment of fecal coliforms (FC) to different soils and soil fractions and to assess the effect of bovine manure on FC attachment to soil and soil fractions. Three sand fractions of different sizes, the silt...

In this paper, the possibility of using fine scrap tyre rubber to improve mechanical properties soil subjected cyclic loading is addressed. Ground (0.1–0.8 mm) in various proportions (0, 9, 33% and 100% by weight) was mixed with a uniform river sand lean clay. Cyclic triaxial tests bender elements were executed observe behaviour materials also determine damping shear stiffness parameters. The r...

The washout of fine materials from liners consisting clay–sand mixtures is expected to influence the hydraulic conductivity. Clay sand must be assessed for efficiency when initially subjected flood or standing water as wetting under a gradient can cause material move and migrate away mixture. During drying complex expansion shrinkage, changes take place. These affect conductivity are likely go ...

Winter survival of Meloidogyne incognita in six soil types (Fuquay sand, Norfolk loamy sand, Portsmouth loamy sand, muck, Cecil sandy clay loam, and Cecil sandy clay) was determined in microplots at one location from November 1981 to May 1982 and from November 1982 to March 1983. Survival, based on second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita, from November 1981 until May 1982 ranged from 1% in ...