In many interactions of plants with pathogens, the primary host defense reaction is accompanied by plant cell death at the site of infection. The resulting lesions are correlated with the establishment of an inducible resistance in plants called systemic acquired resistance (SAR), for which salicylic acid (SA) accumulation is a critical signaling event in Arabidopsis and tobacco. In Arabidopsis...

The Geophysical Model Function (GMF) XMOD1 provides a linear algorithm for sea surface wind field retrievals for the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR). However, the relationship between the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) and the sea surface wind speed, wind direction and incidence angles is non-linear. Therefore, in this paper, XMOD1 is revisited us...

The relationship between snow water equivalence (SWE) and SAR backscattering coefficients at Cand X-band (5.5 and 9.6 GHz) can be either positive or negative. Therefore, discovery of the relationship with an empirical approach is unrealistic. Instead, we estimate snow depth and particle size using SIR-C/X-SAR imagery from a physically-based first order backscattering model through analyses of t...

HAMDAN O, KHALI AZIZ H & ABD RAHMAN K. 2011. Remotely sensed L-band SAR data for tropical forest biomass estimation. Several attempts have been made to obtain forest stand parameters such as stand volume, stand density, basal area, biomass and carbon (C) stocks from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. However the relationship between these parameters and radar backscatter has been a challengin...

There is a common intuition in biology that strict laws are very difficult to be found. Still, there are recurrent patterns in nature, suggesting broad generalizations and understanding of phenomena. The problem is that many generalizations in biology, especially in the form of correlations, might be decoupled from causality, weakening their power of explanation. Here, I bring an example on the...

Multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a significant breakthrough to the inherent limitation between high-resolution and wide-swath (HRWS) compared with conventional SAR. Moving target indication (MTI) is an important application of spaceborne HRWS SAR systems. In contrast to previous studies of SAR MTI, the HRWS SAR mainly faces the problem of under-sampled data of each channel, causin...

In this study, we present an approach to retrieve wave period, phase speed at the peak of the spectrum and thus the wave age from SAR image mode precision image (PRI) data around the coast of Japan. The in-situ NOWPHAS wave gauge data is used for matching up the SAR images and for validation. The wind speed at 10m height is acquired by inverting the relationship between the radar cross section ...

Although species-area relationship (SAR) is among the most extensively studied patterns in ecology, studies on aquatic and/or microbial systems are seriously underrepresented in the literature. We tested the algal SAR in lakes, pools and ponds of various sizes (10-2-108 m2) and similar hydromorphological and trophic characteristics using species-specific data and functional groups. Besides the ...

SUMMARY In this study we have employed an effective technique for dosimetric analyses of base station antennas in an underground environment. The technique combines a ray-tracing method and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human body. The ray-tracing method was applied to evaluate the incident fields in relation to the expose...

Quasi-simultaneous measurements of the ocean surface by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) Convair-580 (CV-580) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) were acquired on March 20, 1988, along an ascending pass of the Geosat radar altimeter as part of the prelaunch ERS-1 Norwegian Continental Shelf Experiment (NORCSEX '88). Over a region where the SAR look direction is parallel to the wind vector...