The Photocathode Electron Gun (PEG) at SLAC is required to produce bunch intensities of up to 10 electrons within 2 ns (8 Amps). Operation of PEG has demonstrated a ‘Charge Limit’ phenomenon, whereby the charge that can be extracted from the gun with an intense laser beam saturates at significantly less than 10 electrons (the expected ‘Space Charge Limited’ charge) when the photocathode Quantum...

We present the optimal scheme for estimating a pure qubit state by means of local measurements on N identical copies. We give explicit examples for low N. For large N, we show that the fidelity saturates the collective measurement bound up to order 1/N. When the signal state lays on a meridian of the Bloch sphere, we show that this can be achieved without classical communication.

Using Langevin dynamics simulations in three dimensions, we investigate the dynamics of polymer translocation into the regions between two parallel plane walls with separation R under a driving force F. Compared with an unconfined environment, the translocation dynamics is greatly changed due to the crowding effect of the partially translocated monomers. The translocation time tau initially dec...

The modulation bandwidth of quantum well nanoLED and nanolaser devices is calculated from the laser rate equations using a detailed model for the Purcell enhanced spontaneous emission. It is found that the Purcell enhancement saturates when the cavity quality-factor is increased, which limits the maximum achievable spontaneous recombination rate. The modulation bandwidth is thereby limited to a...

We have constructed an optical power limiter based on nonlinear induced scattering in a cell containing crushed glass and a mixture of acetone and carbon disulfide. For 30-ps-long laser pulses the transmitted energy saturates at a value of 6 microJ. We also present the results of a theoretical modeling study that shows how the operating characteristics of such a device can be optimized.

We investigate the effect of orbital decay caused by nuclear expansion of a (sub)giant star in synchronous binary system. We compare this effect with the presence of a magnetic stellar wind and show that the additional transfer of orbital angular momentum into spin angular momentum is relatively important – especially since it has been shown that the effect of magnetic braking saturates at shor...

Experimental results obtained at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have been interpreted in terms of a strongly interacting quark gluon plasma. The strongly interacting plasma is characterized by “perfect fluidity”, i.e. a ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density that saturates a proposed lower bound. In this contribution we explore the possibility that a similar phenomenon takes pl...

Three-year data of WMAP implies not only a negative running of the spectral index with large absolute value, but also a large positive running of running of the spectral index with order of the magnitude 10. We calculate the running of running in usual inflation model and noncommutative inflation model. A large tensor-scalar ratio r ≥ 1.23 is needed in order to fit the WMAP data in the noncommu...

Intraperitoneal administration of bovine albumin sharply increases glomerular permeability to hemoglobin in the rat kidney. In addition, bovine albumin "saturates" the tubular absorption mechanism and inhibits the tubular absorption of subsequently administered hemoglobin. Egg white, ovalbumin, and ovomucoid, in contrast, do not produce significant changes in glomerular permeability to hemoglob...

Coherent 0 photo-and electroproduction on 4 He and 12 C nuclei is investigated in the framework of a distorted wave impulse approximation in momentum space. The elementary process is described by the recently developed unitary isobar model. Medium eeects are considered by introducing a phe-nomenological self-energy. The recent experimental data for 4 He and 12 C can be well described over a wid...