We carried out trials on the commercial applications of nitrogen in different industrial structures, using phosphine-susceptible and -resistant populations three stored product beetle species, red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Curculionidae), saw-toothed grain Oryzaephilus surinamensis Silvanidae). Twelve were conduct...

Competition is a driving force regulating communities often considered an intermittent phenomenon, difficult to verify and potentially driven by environmental disturbances. Insecticides are agents of environmental disturbance that can potentially change ecological relationships and competitive outcomes, but this subject has seldom been examined. As the co-existing cereal grain beetle species Si...

A 5 yr study in the semiarid wheat production region of eastern Washington documented the relative densities of pest aphids and their natural enemies in cereal production systems using on-farm replicated plots. The systems were reduced-tillage soft white winter wheat (SWW) (Triticum aestivum L.)—summer fallow rotation; no-till soft white spring wheat (SWS)— chemical fallow rotation; continuous ...

An alternative to fumigants and insecticides for controlling stored-product insects in empty grain storage bins prior to filling is heat treatment, in which the temperature is quickly raised to a minimum of 50 1C and held there for 2–4 h. Effectiveness of heat treatment on empty grain storage bins was evaluated for five commercial propane and electric heat-treatment systems by measuring air tem...

Many insects show a greater attraction to multimodal cues, e.g. odour and colour combined, than to either cue alone. Despite the potential to apply the knowledge to improve control strategies, studies of multiple stimuli have not been undertaken for stored product pest insects. We tested orientation towards a food odour (crushed white maize) in combination with a colour cue (coloured paper with...

Abstract Background The Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the most destructive pests stored wheat and barley worldwide. broad practice insecticides has been connected with insect resistance development coupled renaissance treated primary insects, environmental contamination, toxicity to animals, man other non-target organisms. These harms have invi...

The insect growth regulator methoprene can be mixed into the matrix used to comprise bags and other packaging materials. Different methodologies were utilized to evaluate the efficacy of different types of methoprene-treated packaging towards Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and T. confusum Jacquelin duVal, the confused flour beetle, two common insect species that infest stor...

The insecticidal pyrazole ethiprole, applied at rates of 7.5 and 10.0 ppm either alone or in combination treatments with deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, and chlorpyrifos-methyl, was evaluated as a protectant of stored wheat and stored corn. The commodities were treated with six treatment combinations, including an untreated control, and held for 6 mo at 22, 27, or 32 degrees C and 57% RH. Bio...