Until relatively recently, the role of the scapula in the clinical evaluation and treatment of shoulder and upper extremity disorders has received little attention from clinicians. Most physicians have been trained to diagnose and treat shoulder pathology and dysfunctions in an isolated manner, rather than in the context of the kinetic chain of function. In this instructional course, we hope to...

UNLABELLED Bony schwannoma is a rare benign tumor derived from schwann cells of nerve fibers in the bone. It accounts for less than 1% of bony benign tumor, and prone to occur in the sacrum and mandible, occurrence in scapula is very rare. Here we report a 42-year-old woman with the chief complaint of pain in the left scapula. Imaging examination showed a giant, irregular, swelling lesion with ...

The genetic pathways underlying shoulder blade development are largely unknown, as gene networks controlling limb morphogenesis have limited influence on scapula formation. Analysis of mouse mutants for Pbx and Emx2 genes has suggested their potential roles in girdle development. In this study, by generating compound mutant mice, we examined the genetic control of scapula development by Pbx gen...

With the exception of displaced articular glenoid fractures, management of scapular fractures has largely consisted of benign neglect, with an emphasis on motion as allowed by the patient’s pain. Better understanding of this injury has resulted in greater acceptance of surgical management of highly displaced variants. However, little agreement exists on indications for surgery, and there is no ...

We describe a technique of resecting the superomedial border of the scapula for treatment of "snapping scapula." We have performed 5 consecutive open resections with the patient in the beach-chair position, and results have been good. This technique may be of particular benefit in patients who undergo concomitant glenohumeral arthroscopy.

The biomechanical changes due to increased arm mass in individuals with high body mass index (BMI) may lead to altered scapular motions at the shoulder joint. Scapula kinematic alterations are often associated with shoulder pain and pathology, and if present in overweight or obese individuals could impact shoulder health. The purpose of this study was to examine if scapula biomechanics differ b...

The complexity of shoulder mechanics combined with the movement of skin relative to the scapula makes it difficult to measure shoulder kinematics with sufficient accuracy to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Multibody skeletal models can improve motion capture accuracy by reducing the space of possible joint movements, and models are used widely to improve measuremen...

In 2007 a 9½-year-old boy was treated with resection, extracorporeal irradiation and re-implantation of the right scapula. He also received chemotherapy. During five year follow-up shoulder function remained largely intact. Subtotal resorption of the scapula occurred, leaving only the glenohumeral joint intact. Sensibility and strength are intact. To date there is no sign of local or metastatic...

U nilateral scapular winging most commonly results from neuropathy of the long thoracic nerve that innervates the serratus anterior muscle (1, 2). We present a case illustrating a patient with a ‘‘winged scapula’’ on the left side (Fig. 1). A winged scapula is the protrusion of the vertebral border of the scapula. The circuitous course of the long thoracic nerve predisposes it to injury or impi...

UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION Although palsy of the long thoracic nerve is the classical pathogenesis of winging scapula, it may also be caused by osteochondroma. This rare etiopathology has previously been described in pediatric patients, but it is seldom observed in adults. CASE PRESENTATION We describe three cases of static scapular winging with pain on movement.Case 1 is a Caucasian woman ag...