BACKGROUND Our purposes were to compare between the original and current recommended standard methods of three-dimensional scapular rotation descriptions and to examine the prevalence of gimbal-lock for scapular motion during scapular plane abduction. Additionally we compared these standards to an alternative method and a glenoid based description. METHODS Eleven asymptomatic subjects were st...

CONTEXT Shoulder injuries are common in swimmers because of the demands of the sport. Muscle imbalances frequently exist due to the biomechanics of the sport, which predispose swimmers to injury. To date, an effective shoulder-injury-prevention program for competitive swimmers has not been established. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a 6-wk strengthening and stretching intervention p...

BACKGROUND The impact of infraglenoidal scapular notching in reversed total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is still controversially discussed. Our goal was to evaluate its potential influence on subjective shoulder stability and clinical outcome. We hypothesized that subjective instability and clinical outcome after implantation of RTSA correlates with objective scapular notching. METHODS Sixty...

Shoulder tendon injuries are frequently seen in the presence of abnormal scapular motion, termed scapular dyskinesis. The cause and effect relationship between scapular dyskinesis and shoulder injury has not been directly defined. We developed and used an animal model to examine the initiation and progression of pathological changes in the rotator cuff and biceps tendon. Sixty male Sprague-Dawl...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of fatigue during an external rotation task on 3-dimensional scapular kinematics. DESIGN A single-group, pretest-posttest measurement design. SETTING Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Thirty healthy subjects. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Three-dimensional scapular kinematics were recorded with a Polhemus magnetic tracking devic...

The immediate goal of this study was to develop and validate a noninvasive, computational surface mapping approach for measuring scapular kinematics by using available motion capture technology in an innovative manner. The long-term goal is to facilitate clinical determination of the role of the scapula in children with brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP). The population for this study consisted...

BACKGROUND Altered scapular rotation and position have been named scapular dyskinesis. Visual dynamic assessment could be applied to classify this alteration based on the clinical observation of the winging of the inferior medial scapular border (Type I) or of the prominence of the entire medial border (Type II), or by the excessive superior translation of the scapula (Type III). OBJECTIVE Th...

CONTEXT The literature does not present a consistent pattern of altered scapular kinematics in patients with shoulder-impingement syndrome (SIS). OBJECTIVES To perform meta-analyses of published comparative studies to determine the consistent differences in scapular kinematics between subjects with SIS and controls. In addition, the purpose was to analyze factors of the data-collection method...