This paper reports on a natural experiment in the Philadelphia School District. It compares Middle Schools to established K-8 schools, as well as to newly formed K-8 schools that are part of the district’s K-8 conversion policy, in order to determine if the different school structures have an effect on student academic achievement. The outcome is students’ 8 grade mathematics achievement and ou...

introduction: the rate of mild mental retardation is about 2 percent among school children. these children are able to satisfy their needs and meet the community expectations. therefore, educational programs must be designed in such a way that they help this population develop suitable and effective social relations. the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of drama therapy ...

Too Young to Leave the Nest? The Effects of School Starting Age Does it matter when a child starts school? While the popular press seems to suggest it does, there is limited evidence of a long-run effect of school starting age on student outcomes. This paper uses data on the population of Norway to examine the role of school starting age on longer-run outcomes such as IQ scores at age 18, educa...

KEY FINDINGS Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2012 •Physician office visit rates for well care were lower for school-aged (those aged 6-11 years) children (31 per 100 population) and adolescents aged 12-17 years (29 per 100 population) than for younger children (349 and 74 per 100 population for children under age 1 year and 1-5 years, respectively). •Visit rates for well ...

School-aged children (6-15 years) from the endemic area of Pernambuco were evaluated both as a target group for and an indicator of schistosomiasis control in the community. Parasitological data were drawn from baseline stool surveys of whole populations that were obtained to diagnose Schistosoma mansoni infection. Nineteen representative localities were selected for assessing the prevalence of...

background: the global health burden has faced toward non-communicable diseases (ncds). it is suggested that adulthood blood pressure (bp) is tracked from childhood. this study aims to evaluate the mean bp and the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in the iranian pediatric population. methods: in a national survey as the 4th phase of childhood and adolescence surveillance and preven...

BACKGROUND Since few cohorts encompass the whole life-course, many studies that measure socio-economic position (SEP) across the life-course rely on participant recall of SEP measures from cross-sectional postal or interview surveys. It is also particularly important that SEP measures should be appropriate for the age of the population studied, as the level of missing data has been shown to inc...

BACKGROUND In 2005, the US Congress allocated $612 million for a national Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program to encourage walking and bicycling to schools. We analyzed motor vehicle crash data to assess the effectiveness of SRTS interventions in reducing school-aged pedestrian injury in New York City. METHODS Using geocoded motor vehicle crash data for 168 806 pedestrian injuries in New Yor...