BACKGROUND Recently, a new subfamily of long-chain toxins with a Kunitz-type fold was found in scorpion venom glands. Functionally, these toxins inhibit protease activity and block potassium channels. However, the genomic organization and three-dimensional (3-D) structure of this kind of scorpion toxin has not been reported. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we characterized the genomic organization a...

Toxin II isolated from the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata enhances activation of the action potential sodium ionophore of electrically excitable neuroblastoma cells by veratridine and batrachotoxin. This heterotropic cooperative effect is identical to that observed previously with scorpion toxin but occurs at a 110-fold higher concentration. Depolarization of the neuroblastoma cells inhibits the ...

introduction: scorpion venoms contain a variety of peptides, toxic to mammals، insects and crustaceans and are the main factors in scorpion venom toxicity (their amount being 1-3% of total venom). most of the scorpion toxins have been isolated from the venoms of scorpions in the buthidae family. the scorpion buthotus schach of this family is widely found in the western regions of iran, but no p...

INTRODUCTION Complications following scorpion sting are common in India and can be fatal. Stroke following scorpion sting is a rare complication and can occur by various mechanisms such as hypertension, hypotension, DIC, myocarditis and venom-induced vasculitis. We present a rare case of extensive cerebellar infarction following scorpion sting, which has rarely been reported in medical literatu...

  Scorpion venoms contain of variety of peptides toxic to mammals ، insects and crustaceans. Toxic peptides are the main factors in scorpion venom causing toxicity, (their amount being 1-3%of total venom.). Most of the scorpion toxins have been isolated from the venoms of scorpions in the family Buthidae. The scorpion Buthotus Schach belonging to the Buthidae family is widely found in the weste...

Introduction: Scorpion venoms contain a variety of peptides, toxic to mammals، insects and crustaceans and are the main factors in scorpion venom toxicity (their amount being 1-3% of total venom). Most of the scorpion toxins have been isolated from the venoms of scorpions in the Buthidae family. The scorpion Buthotus Schach of this family is widely found in the western regions of Iran, but no p...

Although the majority of serious cases in the world are concerned with snake bite envenomation, but those which are caused by scorpion stings are also famous for causing extreme pain. The present view is an attempt to enlist scientifically ignored medicinal plants of Pakistan exhibiting anti-scorpion venom activity. In this review data of 35 medicinal plants is collected with their families, pa...

Iodination of toxin II from the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata gives a labeled monoiododerivative that retains 80% of the original neurotoxicity. This derivative binds specifically to rat brain synaptosomes at 20 degrees C and pH 7.4 with a second-order rate constant of association ka = 4.6 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1 and a first-order rate constant of dissociation kd = 1.1 x 10(-2) sec-1. The binding occu...

This is a case report of the first accident involving a scorpion Tityus serrulatus in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, that occurred in March, 2001. A 21-year-old male patient, while handling vegetables proceeding from other Brazilian states, was bitten by a scorpion Tityus serrulatus, developing local and systemic reactions, requiring an anti-scorpion antidote. The authors highlight the epide...

buthotus schach is one of the dangers scorpion in iran that belong to the buthidae family. toxins are existing in venom scorpion, modulate the ion channels by blocking or opening the pore of the channel or by altering the voltage gating and useful as pharmacological tools. in the present study, we investigated the effect of venom and its obtained fractions by gel filtrations on electrophysiolog...