Often lot sizing and scheduling models have neglected the consideration of influence of product life cycles (PLCs). But, accordingly as desirable in a firm’s production strategy, decisions of lot sizing scheduling may have to respond to the stage changes in a product’s life cycle. In this paper, we propose an extension of the lot sizing scheduling, the multi-item, multi-level product-structure...

Looking at the distribution of the costs of IT, the largest part of the budget is allocated to maintenance and enhancement projects. New development comprises between 30 to 50% of IT costs. Functional size measurement methods are mostly used for new development only. With some extensions to common size measurement methods like Function Point Analysis [1] and COSMIC Full Function Point [2] one c...

Estimating the size of OO software is the main issue today in project planning and development. Accurate estimation of size may lead to precise prediction of effort during the process of system development. Predictive Object Point POPs are a metric designed specifically for estimating the size of object oriented software. But there is no direct relation between POP and Software size. In this pa...

This paper considers the e ect of stochasticity on the quality of convergence of genetic algorithms (GAs). In many problems, the variance of building-block tness or so-called collateral noise is the major source of variance, and a population-sizing equation is derived to ensure that average signalto-collateral-noise ratios are favorable to the discrimination of the best building blocks required...

OBJECTIVES To assess the safety, effectiveness, and acceptability of providing a reduced number of ShangRing sizes for adult voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) within routine service delivery in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial and enrolled 500 HIV-negative men aged 18-49 years at 3 clinics. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 study arms (Standard ...

BACKGROUND Multidetector computed tomography is useful for determining the appropriate transcatheter heart valve (THV) size in patients with severe aortic stenosis who are suboptimal surgical candidates. The relationship between adherence to the recommended CoreValve sizing algorithm and clinical outcomes is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 1023 patients with severe aortic stenosis...

This paper studies interconnect sizing and spacing (ISS) problem with consideration of coupling capacitance for performance optimization of single or multiple critical nets. We introduce the formulation of symmetric and asymmetric wire sizing. We develop efficient bound computation algorithms for ISS optimization and prove their optimality under general interconnect resistance and capacitance m...

All too frequently, a software cost estimate is required in the early stages of the life-cycle when requirements and design specifications are immature. To produce a cost estimate under these conditions requires extensive use of expert judgment and addressing significant estimation uncertainty. Research has shown that expert judgment under the right conditions can yield relatively "accurate" es...

introduction: alloimmunization is a reaction of the immune system to foreign antigens. for prevention of alloantibody formation, performing of type and screen test is necessary on a patient's blood specimen as part of pre-transfusion testing. materials and method: in this cross-sectional study, type and screen test done for 1420 patients with elective surgery for detection of alloantibody in im...

This chapter presents a review of adaptive population sizing schemes used in genetic algorithms. We start by briefly revisiting theoretical models which rely on a facetwise design decomposition, and then move on to various self-adjusting population sizing schemes that have been proposed in the literature. For each method, the major advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The chapter ends wi...