[1] Sea-surface slope probability density functions, which are usually fitted to a GramCharlier series, can be fit equally well by a bound wave/free wave model in which the distributions of bound and free waves are Gaussian. Bound waves are generated by longer waves on the surface and travel at nearly the phase speed of the long wave while free waves are generated directly by the wind and trave...

[1] We present the Met Office Hadley Centre’s sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) data set, HadISST1, and the nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) data set, HadMAT1. HadISST1 replaces the global sea ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1 latitude-longitude grid from 1871. ...

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is the most commonly recovered staphylococcal enterotoxin in food poisoning outbreaks. Our research objective was to develop a competitive immunoassay using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the detection of SEA in raw eggs. Homogenized raw eggs were spiked with SEA and clarified by centrifugation at 14,989 ¥ g. Anti-SEA was added to aliquots of ...

The generation of sea surface waves by winds is one of the fundamental air-sea interaction processes which affect the global climate. Although this topic has been studied extensively through both physical modeling and experimental measurements, understanding of the physics involved remains limited due to the nonlinear phenomena implicit in both air flow and sea surface wave evolution. Numerical...

All the satellite altimeters use pulse-limited-geometry and full-deramp technique to measure the power backscatter by the ocean surface as a function of time, i.e. the altimeter pulse echo waveform, see for example [1] for explanation on pulse limited altimeters). Assuming that the distribution of the sea surface roughness and elevation are homogeneous over the altimeter footprint, the backscat...

The aim of this paper is to provide a survey on results and future perspectives of the project “Development an validation of a sea surface fractal model” approved by ESA in the framework of the “Opportunity of exploiting ENVISAT data”. The goal is to validate a sea surface fractal model, developed by the University of Pisa, trough the use of sea SAR images. New image fractal analysis techniques...

Oil floating on the sea surface can be detected by both passive and active methods using the ultraviolet-to-microwave spectrum, whereas oil immersed below the sea surface can signal its presence only in visible light. This paper presents an optical model of a sea area deeply polluted by an oil suspension (10 ppm) located in a layer (thickness 5 m) separated from the sea surface by a clear layer...

During July 1964 more than 90 constant volume balloon (tetroon) flights were made from the area of Atlantic City, N.J., with the primary purpose of delineating the sea breeze regime at that locale. The transponder-equipped tetroons were ballasted t o float a t a height of 500 ft., and were tracked by the U.S. Weather Bureau WSR-57 radar at Atlantic City. The tetroon trajectories are compared wi...

The land-sea surface temperature contrast on the western coast of Sumatra Island was examined using observation data obtained from the pre-Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC) field campaign from November to December 2015. Surface observations showed that, on most days, strong daytime solar radiation caused a pronounced diurnal cycle in surface air temperatures on the island, even during the l...

weather process prediction is the tool for managers to planning the future political for maximum operation. the aim of this research is relation investigation of large scale synoptically patterns with seasonal rainfall of khorasan province. in this research, we have analyzed 37 years of rainfall data in khorasan province that is located the northeastern part of iran .we attempted to train adapt...