Introduction Toxocara canis has a worldwide distribution and is regarded as the main cause of human toxocariasis (1, 2). Infection in humans, particularly children, is frequently caused by accidental ingestion of embryonated Toxocara eggs present in soil, water, food, dirty hands, and vegetables or by ingestion of larvae in under-cooked giblets (3). The disease can be asymptomatic or can lead t...

Background Secretory IgA (sIgA) content of breastmilk in the first postpartum month is a reflection pregnant woman's immune response to environmental antigen exposure. The role secretory protect and support development neonatal early life.
 Objective To examine possible factors associated with sIgA levels colostrum, including exposure, food consumed, maternal history atopy, appearance alle...

Various serological techniques including immunoprecipitation, indirect haemagglutination and the indirect fluorescence antibody test have been successfully applied for the detection of fasciolosis, mainly in experimental infections. Recently, the most frequently used assay is the ELISA technique with somatic or excretory-secretory antigens obtained from adult flukes. Further purification of suc...

The protein composition of Strongyloides ratti infective larvae and adult worms extracted sequentially in water, sodium deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and their excretory/secretory products were analysed by both one- and two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While many bands common to all preparations and both stages of the worm were seen, a number of bands uni...

The secretory immune response in humans infected with Giardia lamblia was studied by using saliva samples and a membrane-rich protein fraction. The membrane fraction, studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed 24 antigen bands, ranging from 170 to 14 kDa. Saliva samples from giardiasis patients showed a heterogeneous response against the membrane fraction when ...

Objective. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of periodontal diseases and oral hygiene status among 25-44-year-olds in Kaunas city and to study the secretory function of peripheral venous blood neutrophilic leukocytes (NL) exposed to various antigens in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Material and Methods. The prevalence of periodontal diseases (according to...

The usefulness of excretory/secretory (E/S) products of adult Dirofilaria immitis for the diagnosis of human dirofilariosis was evaluated in 97 human sera using an ELISA and a Western Blot analysis with E/S antigens. Results of the ELISA analysis show that in healthy individuals from an endemic area seropositivity is high (22%). Immuno Blot analysis shows that the reaction pattern with E/S anti...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to progressive immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells. Although many elegant studies have identified β cell autoantigens that are targeted by the autoimmune response, the mechanisms by which these autoantigens are generated remain poorly understood. Normal β cell physiolog...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries and among travelers to ETEC endemic areas. ETEC diarrhea is caused by colonization of the small intestine mediated by colonization factor (CF) antigens, and subsequent elaboration of enterotoxins. Breast feeding has been related to protection against enteric infections. The protectiv...

BACKGROUND: Toxocara canis is the most prevalent intestinal roundworm of canid species. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the effects of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens (TcES Ag) on modulating the immune system in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. METHODS: Adult worms of T.canis were collected from dogs to obtain excretory-secretory antigens. Female C57BL/6 ...