In forensic investigation, there are difficulties in stature and gender estimation of bodies dismembered in mass destruction and criminal mutilation. An individual’s hand or foot, when recovered and brought for forensic examination, can provide valuable information about a person’s identity. Stature provides insight into various features of a population, including nutrition, health and genetics...

Levels and changes in self-reported physical activity over a 7-year period were examined to determine tracking and to estimate the proportion of total cohort change attributable to secular trends. A population-based sample of 2,328 men and 2,787 women aged 18-30 years at baseline (52% black and 48% white) from Birmingham, Alabama, Chicago, Illinois, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, Californ...

OBJECTIVE To analyze and assess secular change in stature in rural children and adolescents in China from 1985 to 2010. METHODS Data were obtained from the 6 rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health. The subjects enrolled in the study were children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in rural areas of provincial capitals. RESULTS An overall positive secular tre...

BACKGROUND Several studies showed that the waist circumference of US adults has increased over the past 25 y. However, because of the high correlation between waist circumference and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²) (r ∼ 0.9), it is uncertain if these trends in waist circumference exceed those expected on the basis of BMI changes over this time period. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether the recent ...

BACKGROUND Secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors have been described, but few studies have examined simultaneously the effects of both ageing and secular trends within the same cohort. METHODS Development of cardiovascular risk factors over the past three decades was analysed using serial measurements from 10 308 participants aged from 35 to 80 years over 25 years of follow-up from fi...

Department of Science, Ayesha Sadeeqa Post Graduates Girls College, Rajanpur; Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Tel.: +92 3330683844 Adolescent girls when face bleeding from vagina for the first time; is known as menarche that influence lateral life. This review summarizes the findings of important associated environmental factors and reasons in determining the secular tr...

CONTEXT Canada and the United States have reported a recent increase in the incidence of preterm birth, but the reasons for this increase are unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess secular trends in preterm birth and its potential determinants. DESIGN Hospital-based cohort study. SETTING Canadian tertiary care university teaching hospital, 1978-1996. PARTICIPANTS A total of 65574 nonreferred live...