This article analyses the religious sub-cultures of youth who live in Mashhad. The main question of this research is about youth classification and their beliefs, values and norms. Statistical population is chosen from the youth who are 15 to 29 years old and 600 persons are regarded as the sample study. In the research method is survey and data gathering instrument is aresearcher-made question...

The purpose of the present study was to assess whether presumed variations in people’s values towards intergroup mobility modulate their essentialist beliefs about the groups. Our target population was orthodox Jews, who, on the one hand, value in-group preservation regarding religious affiliation (Jewish or Christian), but on the other, value uni-directional integration regarding religiosity (...

The secular changes of height and body mass of girls and boys in the Bydgoszcz region in the period between 1935 and 1991 have been presented in this paper. Over the period of 56 years changes of the traits under investigation showed periodical diversification. Between 1935-1946 a regress was observed, between 1952 and 1971 the greatest average secular changes took place, the years from 1972 to...

Do political-Islamic elites need to be democrats for participation in democracy, how do their values compare to secular elites’, and how do their values change through participation and affect democratization itself? A comparative-systematic content analysis of three Islamic-conservative and two pro-secular Turkish newspapers over nine years shows that, overall, political-Islamic elites adopt d...