dna barcoding is a new term introduced in to scientific literatures by hebert and coworkers almost a decade ago. the concept of barcoding alone is well-known to the public: a series of black bars printed on many commercial products (universal product code), which are used to distinguish different products. advances made in molecular biology and molecular techniques late 20th century e.g. sequen...

shahrechay dam is located at 12th km of shahrechay river in urmia. this study was conducted for a year (spring to fall, 2007) to identify different species of benthic organisms in the dam. considering the relevant topographic status like the local depth and water speed, 6 sampling stations were chosen and sampling was done in shallow locations of the river by means of superficial method. in thi...

the most modern techniques in biotechnology owe their existence to the discovery of dna cloning and the genetic manipulation of organisms. however biotechnology is not new science in fact, many applications represent old practices with new methodologies. human have been used organisms for their benefit in many processes for several thousand years. therefore, one way of thinking about biotechnol...

Could the transient aggregation of unicellular organisms have paved the way for the evolution of the multicellular animals?

In 1995, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) of the family Potyviridae was reported to infect peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Brazil (6). Leaf symptoms consisted of ring spots and blotches, and virus incidence was high when peanut was intercropped with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata). CABMV was seed transmitted at approximately 0.15% in peanut and 6% in cowpea (6) a...