We discuss the origin of two classes of germinal centers that have been observed during humoral immune responses: Some germinal centers develop very well and give rise to a large number of high affinity antibody producing plasma cells. Other germinal center reaction are very weak and the output production is practically absent. We propose an explanation for this nearly all-or-none behavior of g...

To reduce the cost of machinery and manual operation, greatly improve efficiency maize sowing, solve problems slow sowing speed, unstable operation quality, difficult monitoring process traditional seeders, a control system for an electrically driven precision seeder based on CANopen protocol was designed. In this system, STM32 is used as main controller, vehicle terminal to set operating param...

1. Many Mediterranean plant species persist after fire because their seeds are protected from the heat of the fire (e.g. hard-coated seeds, serotinous cones), thus permitting rapid post-fire recruitment. For simplicity, this trait will hereafter be called P and its two possible phenotypes P+ (seeder) and P– (non-seeder). 2. Because P+ appears in a narrow taxonomic spectrum and confers persisten...

Aim Many species are adapted to a particular fire regime and major deviations from that may lead localized extinction. Here, we quantify immaturity risks an obligate-seeder forest tree using objectively designed climate model ensemble probabilistic simulator predict future regimes. Location Alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) distribution, Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Methods We used (FR...

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and metabolic disorder affecting large set of population of the world. To widen the scope of understanding of genetic causes of this disease, we performed interactive and toxicogenomic based systems biology study to find potential T2DM related genes after cDNA differential analysis. Methods: From the list of 50-differential expressed genes (...

Piglets (n = 128) weaned at 21 days of age were used in a 35-day seeder model to evaluate the effects of dietary additives differing in active ingredients, chemical, and physical formulation, and dose on Salmonella colonization and shedding and intestinal microbial populations. Treatments were a negative control (basal diet), the positive control (challenged, basal diet), and six treatments si...