In present study, the effects of optimization on seismic energy spectra including input energy, damping energy and yielding hysteretic energy are parametrically discussed. To this end, 12 generic steel moment-resisting frames having fundamental periods ranging from 0.3 to 3s are optimized by using uniform damage and deformation approaches subjected to a series of 40 non-pule strong ground motio...

This paper experimentally investigates the cyclic inelastic performance of concentrically braced frames with and without cold formed steel stud ~CFSS! infills designed to laterally restrain braces and delay their buckling. Specimens have either diagonal tube or solid bar braces with and without CFSS and U brackets providing out-of-plane and in-plane buckling restraint. Behavioral characteristic...

The viscoelastic effect of rubber material on creation of rolling resistance is responsible for 10-33% dissipation of supplied power at the tire/road interaction surface. So, evaluating this kind of loss is very essential in any analysis concerned with energy saving. The transient dynamic analysis for including the rolling effects of the tire requires long CPU time and the obtained results are ...

Potential energy stored during the inter-seismic period by tectonic loading around faults is released earthquakes as radiated energy, frictional dissipation and fracture energy. The latter of first importance since it expected to control nucleation, propagation arrest seismic rupture. On one side, seismological estimated for natural (commonly called breakdown work) ranges between 1 J/m2 tens MJ...