For the past few decades, scholars in statistical and social sciences have acknowledged that heterogeneity is prevalent subjects of their studies. The literature on individualized treatments...

An outcome is determined by a structural function in which the e¤ect of some variables of interest is transmitted through a scalar index. Multiple sources of stochastic variation can appear as arguments of the structural function, but not in the index. There may be endogeneity, that is observable and unobservable variables may not be independently distributed. Conditions are provided under whic...

The concepts of complexity, endogeneity and circular causation (Myrdal’s (1957) term was circular causation) are shown to be interrelated ones in configuring economic modeling in the framework of systemic embedding and its empirical application. The ensuing framework of economic modeling with complexity provides a controllable and predictable overarching worldview. Anomie in the economic univer...

In this paper, we develop a new censored quantile instrumental variable (CQIV) estimator and describe its properties and computation. The CQIV estimator combines Powell (1986) censored quantile regression (CQR) to deal semiparametrically with censoring, with a control variable approach to incorporate endogenous regressors. The CQIV estimator is obtained in two stages that are nonadditive in the...

Endogeneity and exogeneity are topics that are mainly discussed in macroeconomics. We show that sales response functions (SRF) are exposed to the same problem if we assume that the control variables in a SRF reflect behavioral reactions of the supply side. The supply side actions are covering a flexible marketing component which could interact with the sales responses if sales managers decide t...