Hypothesis / aims of study Several antimuscarinic agents with high-bladder selectivity have been developed and commonly used for treating overactive bladder (OAB). The problem of antimuscarinics, however, is anticholinergic-based side effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, and tachycardia, and still remains to be fully solved. Recent studies have revealed that antimuscarinic agents exert the...

Baker et al.1 have drawn to our attention flaws in our analysis of voxel selectivity arising because noise can generate similar results and because this analysis excluded voxels whose amplitudes were negatively correlated across runs, which the Methods failed to state. In addition, Simmons et al.2 note that our selectivity index incorrectly assigns high values to voxels with low or negative act...

BACKGROUND Until now, the renal clearance index of IgG to IgG4 (IgG/IgG4) as well as pancreatic to salivary amylase (PA/SA) were separately used as parameters of renal charge selectivity in diabetic and non-diabetic albuminuria. The suitability of the IgG index may be questioned because urinary loss of IgG rather reflects a size selective defect. In contrast, the amylase index seems more approp...

Classic database indexes (e.g., B-Tree), though speed up queries, suffer from two main drawbacks: (1) An index usually yields 5% to 15% additional storage overhead which results in non-ignorable dollar cost in big data scenarios especially when deployed on modern storage devices. (2) Maintaining an index incurs high latency because the DBMS has to locate and update those index pages affected by...

We describe herein the antitrypanosomal activity of 20 novel 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-amine derivatives. Compounds 2, 4, 6, 12, 15, 16 and 19 were significantly active against amastigote and trypomastigote forms, with half maximal inhibitory concentrationvalues in the range of 6-18 µM. In the cytotoxicity tests against L929 cells, only compound 4 presented selectivity index value above 10, indi...

In this paper, we demonstrate Hermes@Neo4j1, an extension of Neo4j graph DMBS for semantic trajectories of moving objects, on the so-called Spatio-Temporal-Keyword Pattern queries. For this purpose, our engine exploits on hybrid Spatio-TemporalKeyword (STK) index structures, also boosted by an appropriate selectivity estimation model. Hermes@Neo4j functionality is demonstrated over synthetic an...

Polyomavirus BK is a significant pathogen in transplant recipients, but no effective antiviral therapy is available. We show that cidofovir can inhibit BK virus replication in vitro. Esterification of cidofovir with hexadecyloxypropyl, octadecyloxyethyl, and oleyloxyethyl groups results in up to a 3-log lowering of the 50% effective concentration and an increased selectivity index.

Neurons in area MT/V5 of the macaque visual cortex encode visual motion. Some cells are selective for the motion of oriented features (component direction-selective, CDS); others respond to the true direction of complex patterns (pattern-direction selective, PDS). There is a continuum of selectivity in MT, with CDS cells at one extreme and PDS cells at the other; we compute a pattern index that...

Classic studies of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex (V1) in carnivores and primates have found that a majority of neurons in LGN exhibit a center-surround organization, while V1 neurons exhibit strong orientation selectivity and, in many species, direction selectivity. Recent work in the mouse and the monkey has discovered previously unknown classes of orientation- and directi...

Manganese oxide catalyst promoted with sodium and supported on silica exhibits fairly good activity and selectivity towards the synthesis of ethylene from methane at the optimum operating conditions. Methane and oxygen were fed into a tubular fixed bed reactor packed with catalyst under atmospheric pressure. The effects of temperature, residence time and feed composition on conversion, selectiv...