[1] The Scandinavian Twin Auroral Radar Experiment (STARE) coherent radar system measures the Doppler shifts caused by 1 m plasma waves in the high-latitude E region ionosphere. These Doppler velocities are here related to the electron drift velocity and ion acoustic velocity derived from measurements with the incoherent radar system European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT). The Doppler velocity is...

A general multi-step approach for setting up, solving and solution analysis of computer aided molecular design (CAMD) problems is presented. The approach differs from previous work within the field of CAMD since it also addresses the need for a computer aided problem formulation and result analysis. The problem formulation step incorporates a knowledge base for the identification and setup of t...

System calibration is required in integrated IMU/GPS systems to account for the spatial offset and misalignment between IMU, GPS and camera frames; synchronization is to be maintained, to predict IMU/GPS position and orientation data at the mid-exposure time of the images. To this aim, measurement on the ground, complemented by a calibration flight over a test field, are performed. Depending on...

A method for the removal of ionospheric effects from single-frequency non-GPS radio navigation data through the use of data collected from a single collocated dualfrequency GPS receiver is presented. The method uses a local ionosphere model to estimate the total electron content (TEC) along any line of sight that differs from the GPS satellite lines of sight. Two novel models are investigated, ...

To obtain the absolute position of a target is one of the basic topics for non-cooperated target tracking problems. In this paper, we present a simultaneously calibration method for an Inertial navigation system (INS)/Global position system (GPS)/Laser distance scanner (LDS) integrated system based target positioning approach. The INS/GPS integrated system provides the attitude and position of ...

This paper pertains to the reduction of measurement errors due to drift in rate gyros used for tracking the position of moving vehicles. In these applications, gyros and odometry are often used to augment GPS when GPS reception is unavailable. Drift in gyros causes the unbounded growth of errors in the estimation of heading, rendering low-cost gyros almost entirely useless in applications that ...

This paper pertains to the reduction of measurement errors due to drift in rate gyros used for tracking the position of moving vehicles. In these applications, gyros and odometry are often used to augment GPS when GPS reception is unavailable. Drift in gyros causes the unbounded growth of errors in the estimation of heading, rendering lowcost gyros almost entirely useless in applications that r...

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with The Ohio State University (OSU) and Calgary University (CU) have developed procedures and software for the efficient calibration of metric quality aerial cameras; both filmand CCD-based sensors. With the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and its efficient use to position the exposure station of the aerial camera, it bec...

An inevitable task before direct georeferencing can be performed is the calibration of the GPS/IMU system and the imaging sensor. The permanent calibration fields for largeand medium-scale (1:3 300 – 1:16 000) system calibration constructed by Finnish Geodetic Institute are described in this article. Theoretical results concerning the effect of block structure on the accuracy and determinabilit...

Multiple camera systems including combinations of vertical and oblique images like used by Pictometry and Multivision are becoming popular very fast. The image combinations easily can be used for interpretation and also for metric purposes. In most cases the orientation is based on direct sensor orientation, using inertial measurement units and relative kinematic GPS-positioning. Usually this w...