Psychological resources--optimism, mastery, and self-esteem--buffer the deleterious effects of stress and are predictors of neurophysiological and psychological health-related outcomes. These resources have been shown to be highly heritable, yet the genetic basis for this heritability remains unknown. Here, we report a link between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) SNP rs53576 and psychological reso...

The impact of three sociodemographic, two cognitive, two affective, and four personality measures on the discrepancies between self-reported and performance-based ADL in a sample of 753 frail elderly is studied by means of multiple regression analyses. Underestimation (i.e., lower self-reported levels of ADL compared to performance-based levels) occurs, in particular, among subjects with low pe...

Simulation learning encompasses simple, introductory scenarios requiring response to patients' needs during basic hygienic care and during situations demanding complex decision making. Simulation integrates principles of social cognitive theory (SCT) into an interactive approach to learning that encompasses the core principles of intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflecti...

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OBJECTIVE To identify the factors associated with self rated health of people with and without chronic health conditions or long term disability. SETTING Canadian household population. DESIGN Analysis of 1994/95 National Population Health Survey interview data with 13,995 respondents aged 20 years and older. Determinants of poor and good compared with excellent health were examined using mu...

PURPOSE Factors that support self-efficacy in family-centered care (FCC) must be understood in order to foster FCC in trainees. Using social cognitive theory, the authors examined (1) how three supportive experiences (observing role models, practicing for mastery, and receiving feedback) influence self-efficacy with FCC during rounds and (2) whether the influence of these supportive experiences...

The purpose of these studies was to examine the relationship between perceptions of exercise-related changes (i.e., perceived mastery and physical change) and certainty with regard to the self-as-exerciser. It was hypothesized that seeing "change" would be associated with more favorable levels of exercise self-certainty and behavior relative to "no change." Online surveys were repeatedly admini...

Title of Document: AN EXPLORATION OF THE EFFECTS OF MASTERY, SELF-ESTEEM, AND RELIGIOSITY ON RECIDIVISM AMONG EX-PRISONERS Jill Lynn Farrell, Ph.D., 2009 Directed By: Professor Doris L. MacKenzie Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice While prior research has highlighted the importance of social factors for reentry and recidivism, several criminologists have pointed out that an individu...