Previous research has demonstrated abstract concepts associated with spatial location (e.g., God in the Heavens) could direct visual attention upward or downward, because thinking about the abstract concepts activates the corresponding vertical perceptual symbols. For self-concept, there are similar metaphors (e.g., "I am above others"). However, whether thinking about the self can induce visua...

In recent years, software operating skills, the ability in computer literacy to solve problems using specific software, has become much more important. A great deal of research has also proven that students’ software operating skills can be efficiently improved by practicing customized virtual and simulated examinations. However, constructing these simulation-based examinations is cost intensiv...

IT Security has to deal with a number of rather unique factors that pose new challenges for managing standardization processes in this field. This has recently led to attempts to establish this problem domain as an area of research in its own right under the heading IT Security Standardization Research. Research in this area focuses strongly on interdependencies between academic, institutional,...

The teaching portfolio describes and documents a faculty member’s achievements in teaching. As part of a multi-faceted teaching evaluation program, it provides a rich picture of teaching that can be used for making personnel decisions. It is also a means for self-reflection on teaching, leading to teaching improvement. The links below describe teaching portfolios, explain their multiple functio...

By analyzing learning from the perspective of knowledge acquisition , a number of common limitations are overcome. Modeling efficacy is proposed as an empirical measure of knowledge, providing a concrete, mathematical means of “acquiring knowledge” via gradient ascent. A specific network architecture is described, a hierarchical analog of node-labeled Hidden Markov Models, and its evaluation an...