Pharaonis halorhodopsin is a light-driven transport system for chloride, similarly to the previously described halorhodopsin, but we find that it transports nitrate as effectively as chloride. We studied the photoreactions of the purified, detergent-solubilized pharaonis pigment with a gated multichannel analyzer. At a physiological salt concentration (4 M NaCl), the absorption spectra and rate...

drosylation reaction and may account for the observed inhibition when crude sepia extracts are tested at high concentrations. The K, for sepia pteridine in the hydrosylation reaction is 3 to 4 X 10e6 M. On a molar basis it is approximately 25 times more active than tetrahydrofolate. The maximal rate of tyrosine formation at saturating levels of cofactor is about the same for sepia pteridinc and...

The combination between anticancer drugs and natural products has great attention aiming at exploiting their efficiency reducing systemic toxicity. Subsequently, the current study was constructed to evaluate potential curative role of crude Sepia ink extract (SIE) Ellagic acid (EA) against cyclophosphamide (CP) Male albino rats were divided into five groups (n = 10). All except group I received...

The effect of an intravenous injection of squid-ink (sepia-melanin) solution on adult mouse spheroid alveolar epithelial cells was observed by the electron microscope. Sepia-melanin particles were seen in all alveolar wall cells examined that seems to suggest the entrance of sepia-melanin particles into the spheroid alveolar epithlial cells from the alveolar blood capillary. In cases of large p...

Negative phototaxis in Natronomonas pharaonis is initiated by transient interaction changes between photoreceptor and transducer. pharaonis phoborhodopsin (ppR; also called pharaonis sensory rhodopsin II, psR-II) and the cognate transducer protein, pHtrII, form a tight 2 : 2 complex in the unphotolyzed state, and the interaction is somehow altered during the photocycle of ppR. We have studied t...

The SEPIA system allows creating assistance systems that meet technical assistance needs. In this paper, we aim at the exploitation of SEPIA in the educational context by confronting it to pedagogical assistance needs. This exploitation shows the limitations in the SEPIA system: complex description of rules by pedagogical designers, lack of domain knowledge. Therefore, we present our patterns t...