This paper considers series and parallel systems with independent identically distributed component lifetimes. The reliability of these can be improved by using the reduction method. In method, system is increased reducing failure rates some its components a factor 0<ρ<1, called equivalent factor. Closed formulas are obtained for equivalence factors. comparisons among performance systems, facto...

This paper discusses stochastic comparisons of the parallel and series systems comprising multiple-outlier scale components. Under uncertain conditions on baseline reversed hazard rate, rate functions parameters, likelihood ratio, dispersive mean residual life orders between are established. We then apply results for two exceptional cases model: gamma Pareto components to illustrate found resul...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a non-parametric technique for evaluation of relative efficiency of decision making units described by multiple inputs and outputs. it is based on solving linear programming problems. since 1978 when basic dea model was introduced many its modifications were formulated. among them are two or multi-stage models with serial or parallel structure often called net...