The regional distribution and cellular localization of dopamine D3 receptors in the rat brain was examined using quantitative autoradiography. [(125)I]7-OH-PIPAT bound in a saturable and reversible manner and exhibited subnanomolar affinity for a single population of GTP-insensitive sites. The pharmacological profile was characteristic of cloned D3 receptors and nonspecific binding was uniforml...

In mammals, circadian rhythms are controlled by a master clock localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and entrained to 24 h by external cues. These signals are conveyed by three main afferences: the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), the geniculohypothalamic tract (GHT) and the serotonergic tract. Photic factors during the night, leading to glutamate release from the RHT and c-Fos and cloc...

Epidemiological studies indicate that adult-onset asthma is initiated by stress (anxiety and depression), obesity and menopause. Ironically, despite our understanding of the various stressors that promote chronic adult-onset asthma, most of which are known to elevate cortisol production via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, inhaled and systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay for ...

The last 50 years of researches of biochemism and the CNS functionality are intensively engaged in studying the role of monoamine neurotramsmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin) (5-HT). The serotonergic receptors function depends on spot where the receptor function, the dynamic relationship with other transmitters and stimulation that can activate or inhibit specific neurons. The results of res...

Serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors in cortical and forebrain regions are an important substrate for the neuromodulatory actions of serotonin brain. They have been implicated etiology many neuropsychiatric disorders serve as a target antipsychotic, antidepressant, anxiolytic drugs. Positron emission tomography imaging using suitable radioligands can be applied vivo quantification receptor densities o...

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) projects serotonergic axons throughout the brain and is involved in a variety of physiological functions. However, it also includes a large population of cells that contain other neurotransmitters. To clarify the physiological and pharmacological differences between the serotonergic and nonserotonergic neurons of the DRN, their postsynaptic responses to 5-hydroxyt...

Serotonin is an omnipotent molecule in the brain and rest of body plays a pivotal role gut-brain axis.Serotonin’s neurotransmission its function at molecular levels with different genetic variants has beenwidely covered across animal kingdom. Although digestion process ruminants pillared on anaerobicmicroflora present rumen, impact rumen microbial population serotonergic activity seldomexplored...

Plasticity of neural circuits takes many forms and plays a fundamental role in regulating behavior to changing demands while maintaining stability. For example, during spinal cord development neurotransmitter identity in neurons is dynamically adjusted in response to changes in the activity of spinal networks. It is reasonable to speculate that this type of plasticity might occur also in mature...

Spasticity is a common and disabling symptom observed in patients with central nervous system diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spasticity is traditionally thought to be the result of degeneration of the upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, although degeneration of other neuronal ty...