In an effort to further understand the perioperative intravascular volume status of major head and neck surgery patients, serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and osmolality levels were assessed at four perioperative junctures. Thirty-five major head and neck surgical patients were randomly selected for examination with placement of a central venous pressure monitor. Serum osmolality and serum vaso...

Hyponatremia is a common cause of morbidity in the elderly, and thiazide diuretics are often implicated. Eleven healthy young volunteers, eight healthy old volunteers, and five elderly patients with a history of thiazide-induced hyponatremia were studied to determine susceptibility to thiazide-induced hypoosmolality in age. Each of the healthy subjects ingested a water load (20 mL/kg) after 3 d...

within the reference range in patients with renal failure [6] . However, the role of OG and serum osmolality in this condition was not established very well. The aim of this study is to determine the serum OG and osmolality in children with various stages of CRF and the effect of dialysis modalities on these parameters. We also investigated the possible relationship among the changes of OG and ...

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) usually occurs with rapid correction of severe chronic hyponatremia. Despite the pronounced fluctuations in serum osmolality, CPM is rarely seen in diabetics. This is a case report of CPM associated with hyperglycemia. A 45-year-old non-smoking and non-alcoholic African American male with past medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stage V chronic k...

BACKGROUND Non-invasive methods for detecting water-loss dehydration following acute stroke would be clinically useful. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) against reference standards serum osmolality and osmolarity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients admitted to an acute stroke unit were recruited. Blood samples for electrolytes and os...

BACKGROUND Better survival of thalassemia patients allowed previously unrecognized renal complications to emerge. OBJECTIVES Assess prevalence and early predictors of renal dysfunction in young β-thalassemia major (β-TM) and intermedia (β-TI) patients. SUBJECTS 66 β-TM (group I), 26 β-TI (group II) Egyptian patients and 40 healthy controls. METHODS Clinical assessment and laboratory data ...

Clinical medicine defines dehydration using blood markers that confirm hypertonicity (serum sodium concentration ([Na+])>145 mmol/L) and intracellular dehydration. Sports medicine equates dehydration with a concentrated urine as defined by any urine osmolality (UOsm) ≥700 mOsmol/kgH2O or urine specific gravity (USG) ≥1.020. Objective To compare blood versus urine indices of dehydration in a c...

Activating mutations in AVPR2 are associated with nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD). NSIAD causes hyponatremia, decreased serum osmolality and clinical symptoms, which may present from birth or in infancy and include hypotonia, irritability, vomiting and/or seizures. Symptoms in later life are often less specific and include malaise, dizziness, confusion, tiredness and ...

Some biological aspects of semen were investigated in the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, by determination of seminal plasma indices (ionic composition and osmolality), sperm density and their relationships with sperm motility. The osmolality of seminal plasma ranged from 42.00 to 111.00 mOsmol Kg-1. The concentrations of Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), Calcium (Ca2+) and Ma...