The fast expansion of the market in every sector is leading to superior subscriber base for service providers. Added competitors, novel and innovative business models and enhanced services are increasing the cost of customer acquisition. In such a fast set up, service providers have realized the importance of retaining the on-hand customers. It is therefore essential for the service providers t...

In this paper, we use a unique dataset on the distribution of output and demand across regions of the United States to estimate trade costs for 969 service and manufacturing industries. Our estimation method is a natural extension of the gravity model of trade and identifies trade costs in the absence of trade data. The estimated trade costs are higher on average for service industries, but the...

energy as an important production factor has significant effects on economic growth. identifying the relationship between energy and economic growth can help to improve governmental energy policies. applying ardl and ecm methods, this paper examines the longrun and shortrun causality relationships between (1) energy consumption and economic growth and (2) energy consumption and employment in va...