A two-type two-sex branching process is considered to model the evolution of number carriers an allele and its mutations a Y-linked gene. The limiting growth rates different types couples males (depending on allele, mutated or not, that they carry on) set coexistence both alleles fixation mutant are obtained. In addition, genotype gene sex frequencies those sets established. Finally, main resul...

Obesity is an increasingly prevalent and severe health concern with a substantial heritable component and marked sex differences. We sought to determine if the effect of genetic variants also differed by sex by performing a genome-wide association study modeling the effect of genotype-by-sex interaction on obesity phenotypes. Genotype data from individuals in the Framingham Heart Study Offsprin...

Sedentary behavior (SB) expression and its underlying causal factors have been progressively studied, as it is a major determinant of decreased health quality. In the present study we applied Genotype x Age (GxAge) and Genotype x Sex (GxSex) interaction methods to determine if the phenotypic expression of different SB traits is influenced by an interaction between genetic architecture and both ...

OBJECTIVE The 5-5 homozygous CNDP1 (carnosinase) genotype is associated with a reduced risk of diabetic nephropathy. We investigated whether this association is sex specific and independent of susceptibility for type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three separate groups of 114, 90, and 66 patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy were included in this study and compared w...

objective: lipid metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of late-onset alzheimer’s disease (load). lipoprotein lipase (lpl) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a major role in lipid metabolism; its abnormal function seems to be related, either directly or indirectly, to the pathogenesis of many diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (cad) and alzheimer’s disease (ad) . ...

Microglia are a primary cellular component of the CNS innate immune system. Their response to conserved pathogen motifs is inherent and leads to the release of cytoactive factors that impact surrounding neurons and glia. The microglial response is modified by the local tissue environment and by "global" factors such as gender. Exposure to estrogen and testosterone, in general, down regulate mic...

While genetic and environmental factors and their interactions influence susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), causative genetic variants have not been identified. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of covariates and genotype x sex interactions on the genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) of RA using Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 Problem 1 data and a logistic reg...

Exposure to chronic stress is a leading pre-disposing factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders as it often leads to maladaptive responses. The response to stressful events is heterogeneous, underpinning a wide spectrum of distinct changes amongst stress-exposed individuals'. Several factors can underlie a different perception to stressors and the setting of distinct coping strategies that ...

UNLABELLED Although 20%-40% of persons with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection demonstrate spontaneous clearance, the time course and factors associated with clearance remain poorly understood. We investigated the time to spontaneous clearance and predictors among participants with acute HCV using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Data for this analysis were drawn from an international co...

OBJECTIVES To catalogue patients with DSD and to assess the concordance of genotype and phenotype with sex assignment at birth compared to sex assignment before and following assessment by a Gender Medicine Team (GMT) at one institution, as an initial step in formulating standardized guidelines for management of these conditions. DESIGN After obtaining IRB approval, a retrospective chart revi...