NOTICE Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA/ERL. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized. hydrographic, chemical, and biological sampling transects between moorings; a juvenile pollock habitat (hatched area) around the Pribilof I...

1. Hypericum perforatum , St John’s wort, is an invasive weed of natural and agroecosystems in south-eastern Australia. In previous work we used a long-term data set to determine which plant traits and environmental factors influence population growth and persistence in this species. These results were then used to parameterize an individualbased model of the population dynamics of H. perforatu...

We tested whether the degree of shade-induced plasticity in petiole length and leaf area is related to the mean trait value expressed under high-light conditions, and to what extent trait values expressed under high-light and shaded conditions affect plant performance. Thirty-four Trifolium repens genotypes were used with a wide range of petiole lengths and leaf areas. Plants were subjected to ...

The use of outline shape in recognizing objects was investigated in four experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects matched a shaded image to either another shaded image or a silhouette. In Experiment 2, subjects initially named shaded images; later they named either shaded images or silhouettes. Performance in both experiments was predicted by changes in the outline shape of the stimuli. The same ...

The perception of surface relief from random shading patterns is measured by having observers adjust three-dimensional local probes, the projections of which are superimposed on the image. Three observers perform four settings of 91 probes on each of 14 images. These images are generated by calculating the Lambertian reflectance of a random superposition of elliptical Gaussian hills and valleys...

To evaluate the characteristics of atmospheric particle retention by plant leaves during the tourism season in Buddhism-based scenic areas, plants distributed in the core area of the Mount Wutai scenic area were selected for study: Populus davidiana (Po. davidiana), Rosa hugonis Hemsl. (R. hugonis), Betula platyphylla Suk. (B. platyphylla), Rosa xanthina Lindl. (R. xanthina), Periploca sepium B...

Pain drawings are often utilized in the documentation of pain conditions. The aim here was to investigate intra- and inter-rater reliability of area measurements performed on pain drawings consecutively, using the computer program Quantify One. Forty-eight patients with chronic nonmalignant pain had shaded in their experienced pain on the front and back views of a pain drawing. The templates we...

In most rendering systems, area light sources are decomposed into many point light sources, which requires heavy computation to produce realistic results. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to approximate an area light source with a point light source for each component of the shading model. The position and intensity of the point light source is dependent on the position and orientatio...

When etiolated radish (Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. gigantissimus Makino) hypocotyls were subjected to a continuous unilateral illumination with white fluorescent light (0.1 watt per square meter), the growth rate at the lighted side was strongly inhibited for the first 2 hours, while that at the shaded side showed no change. After 2.5 hours growth on the lighted side recovered gradually,...