We analyse a general equilibrium model in which there is both adverse selection of and moral hazard by banks. The regulator has two tools at her disposal to combat these problems she can audit banks to learn their type prior to giving them a licence, and she can impose capital adequacy requirements. When the regulator has a strong reputation for screening she uses capital requirements to combat...

Although a pregnant woman can now refuse any medical treatment needed by the fetus, the Court of Appeal has acknowledged that ethical dilemmas remain, adverting to the inappropriateness of legal compulsion of presumed moral duties in this context. This leaves the impression of an uncomfortable split between the ethics and the law. The notion of a pregnant woman refusing medical treatment needed...

Bioethicists often use the "nonidentity problem"--the idea that a child born with a disability would actually be a different child if she were born without the disability--to defend parents' rights to have whatever children they want. After all, a child is not harmed by being brought into the world with a disability; without the disability, she would not be brought into the world at all. But wh...

The resurgence of interest in virtue ethics can be traced to the late 1950s and to the work of Elizabeth Anscombe and Philippa Foot. On Anscombe's view, both deontologism and consequentialism are guilty of judging the " rightness " or " wrongness " of actions on the model of rendering a verdict based on one's understanding of the law and of an agent's obligations under the law. The fundamental ...

In this paper I examine the question whether physicians have a legal and ethical duty to sustain pregnancies of women who die during the first or second trimester by the delivery of their fetuses. One ground for such a duty, on which I am focusing, is the duty of "special relationship" between the mother and the fetus. In my paper, I claim that the special relations the pregnant woman and the f...

morbidity and mortality rates to aged morbidity and mortality and from the infectious illness regime to the chronic degenerative one, from illness as setback to illness as career, a generation earlier than among the lower classes. And as the Black Report and its recent supplements have shown, that gap persists. Riley's work, with its strong actuarial foundation, is an important aid to probing t...

It has been argued that empirical science undermines the claim that people can deserve punishment, and that the criminal justice system therefore ought to be radically reformed. Such arguments lose their force if moral responsibility and desert do not depend on what caused the action, but on the agent’s choice. We solve one problem for the justification of the criminal justice system, but creat...

This paper argues that a risk averse of workers after-tax reservation wage the difference between her reservation wage and the tax needed to fund the unemployment insurance system when liquidity constraint binds exists and it is unique. The optimality of unemployment insurance based on the responsiveness of reservation wage to unemployment benefit shows the disincentive effect, i.e. higher unem...

© 2003 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors Some time ago my wife, a physician, overheard through the curtain of a patient’s room what she described as the worst patient–doctor interaction she had ever heard. The resident came in, introduced himself for the first time and, within about a minute, without offering the patient a chance to say what she knew or how she felt, bluntly told th...