Vascular endothelial cells are directly and continuously exposed to fluid shear stress generated by blood flow. Shear stress regulates endothelial structure and function by controlling expression of mechanosensitive genes and production of vasoactive factors such as nitric oxide (NO). Though it is well known that shear stress stimulates NO production from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS...

latticed columns are frequently used in industrial steel structures. in some countries these built-up columns might be even used in other types of steel structures such as residential and commercial buildings. besides, latticed columns are parts of skeletons of many historic buildings all around the world. to analyze a steel structure with latticed columns a more accurate numerical model for su...

The current paper reviews existing design guidelines for strengthening beams in shear with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and proposes a modification to Concrete Society Technical Report TR55. It goes on to present the results of an experimental programme which evaluated the contribution of CFRP sheets towards the shear strength of continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams. A tot...

The effect of currents on the acoustic pressure field in an underwater sound channel is investigated. Based on fundamental fluid equations, model equations are formulated for sound pressure while including nonuniform currents in the source-receiver plane. Application of parabolic-type approximations yields a collection of parabolic eqiiations. Each of these is valid in a different domain determ...

The formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs) is investigated in MAST spherical tokamak (ST) plasmas. The roles of E×B flow shear, q-profile (magnetic shear) and MHD activity in their formation and evolution are studied using data from high-resolution kineticand q-profile diagnostics. In L-mode plasmas, with co-current directed NBI heating, ITBs in the momentum and ion thermal channels fo...

Common transverse reinforcement of reinforced concrete members with circular cross-section consists of round ties or spirals. Its purpose in members that are not subjected to significant shear loading is to provide proper confinement for concrete, and eliminate buckling of the longitudinal reinforcement bars. If spirals are to be used as both shear enabler and confiner for reinforced concrete b...

Aims. We study the dependence of turbulent transport coefficients, such as α effect and turbulent magnetic diffusivity, on shear and magnetic Reynolds number in the presence of helical forcing. Methods. We use three-dimensional direct numerical simulations with periodic boundary conditions and measure turbulent transport coefficients using the kinematic test field method. In all cases the magne...

A nonlinear isotropic elastic block is subjected to a homogeneous deformation consisting of simple shear superposed on triaxial extension. Two new relations are established for this deformation which are valid for all nonlinear elastic isotropic materials, and hence are universal relations. The first is a relation between the stretch ratios in the plane of shear and the amount of shear when the...

This paper reports the findings of research examining the blast resistance of bridge piers that are designed in accordance with current knowledge and specifications to ensure ductile seismic performance. Blast testing was conducted on 1/4 scale ductile RC columns, and nonductile RC columns retrofitted with steel jacketing. The seismically designed RC and steel jacketed RC columns did not exhibi...

Large-scale dynamo action due to turbulence in the presence of a linear shear flow is studied. Our treatment is quasilinear and kinematic but is nonperturbative in the shear strength. We derive the integrodifferential equation for the evolution of the mean magnetic field by systematic use of the shearing coordinate transformation and the Galilean invariance of the linear shear flow. For nonheli...