In the conversion process of lignocellulose into fuel ethanol, the enzymatic hydrolyzed or fermented lignocellulosic residues are produced as byproducts. In order to further recycle these byproducts, this study used the enzymatic hydrolyzed residues of sugarcane bagasse (EHRSCB) as the media for culturing Lentinula edodes. The sugarcane bagasse (SCB), pretreated by liquid hot water (LHW), was h...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) at the age of 13 years and adult weight status 24–30 years later. DESIGN A longitudinal study with 30 years of follow-up from adolescence (age 13 years in 1976) to adulthood (up to 2000 and 2006). Dietary intake was assessed through cross-check dietary history face-to-face interviews by a dietitia...

The surface Cauchy–Born (SCB) method is a computational multi-scale method for the simulation of surface-dominated crystalline materials. We present an error analysis of the SCB method, focused on the role of surface relaxation. In a linearized 1D model we show that the error committed by the SCB method is O(1) in the mesh size; however, we are able to identify an alternative “approximation par...

Most scientists recognize that species are disappearing at an alarming rate, and many disappear before we can even name them, let alone understand their evolutionary history or role in their ecosystems. The reason for biodiversity losses is largely anthropogenic. As a response to this crisis, professional biologists founded the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) in 1987 (Soulé 1987). One of...

During axonal transport, membranes travel down axons at a rapid rate, whereas the cytoskeletal elements travel in either of two slow components, SCa (with tubulin and neurofilament protein) and SCb (with actin). Clathrin, the highly ordered, structural coat protein of coated vesicles, has recently been shown to be able to interact in vitro with cytoskeletal proteins in addition to membranes. Th...

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae commitment to cell division occurs late in the G1 phase of the cell cycle at a point called Start and requires the activity of the Cdc28 protein kinase and its associated G1 cyclins. The Swi4,6-dependent cell cycle box binding factor, SBF, is important for maximal expression of the G1 cyclin and HO endonuclease genes at Start. The cell cycle regulation of these genes...

Slow axonal transport conveys perikaryally-synthesized cytosolic proteins in a rate-class called Slow Component-b (SCb). One such protein--α-synuclein--is largely conveyed in SCb, and is also a key player in a group of neurodegenerative diseases called synucleinopathies. Axonal transport defects of α-synuclein have been hypothesized to play a role in synucleinopathies, but mechanisms moving α-s...

Emotional processing (EP) is crucial for the elaboration and implementation of adaptive social strategies. EP is also necessary for the expression of social cognition and behavior (SCB) patterns. It is well-known that war contexts induce socio-emotional atypical functioning, in particular for those who participate in combats. Thus, ex-combatants represent an ideal non-clinical population to exp...

BACKGROUND Sex differences, which may be an important variable for determining anesthetic requirements, have not been well investigated in the aspect of local anesthetic. This investigation aimed to compare the minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block (US-SCB) between men and women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients ag...

Editor—Before the utilization of ultrasound, the complication of pneumothorax was a concern for many anaesthetists performing supraclavicular block (SCB). 2 Technological advances have made ultrasound guidance for regional nerve blocks a standard practice, and when coupled with SCB, have rendered pneumothorax an improbable complication. The incidence of clinicallysignificant pneumothoraxafteran...