In this study a rainfall-runoff model was developed with the help of neural networks. Input to the model is precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (both on monthly basis). Output from the model is the simulated runoff at the watershed outlet. The model was calibrated and tested for Brandu river catchment of Pakistan.The data was collected from Meteorological Department Pakistan. Statist...

This paper describes an assessment of the implications of future climate change for river runoff across the entire world, using six climate models which have been driven by the SRES emissions scenarios. Streamflow is simulated at a spatial resolution of 0.5 o ×0.5 o using a macro-scale hydrological model, and summed to produce total runoff for almost 1200 catchments. The effects of climate chan...

land surface parameterization schemes are one of the most important components in gcm and nwp models. these schemes calculate the exchanges of momentum, mass and energy between land surface and the atmosphere. runoff is one of the important components in the water cycle of the land surface scheme whose parameterization is difficult because of complexity in the processes governing the runoff gen...

This paper presents the implementation of a new data model for simulating watershed runoff. This data model, called nen, allows users to visualize and analyse the processes that are simulated in the watershed runoff model. It extends data models typically used in modelling watershed runoff, such as raster, that do not give direct insight into the spatial dynamics and distribution of the process...

Identifying phosphorus (P) source areas and transport pathways is a key step in decreasing P loading to natural water systems. This study compared the effects of two modeled runoff generation processes – saturation excess and infiltration excess – on total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in 10 catchment streams of a Catskill mountain watershed in southeaster...

In the context of global urbanization, urban flood risk in many cities has become a serious environmental issue, threatening the health of residents and the environment. A number of hydrological studies have linked urban flooding issues closely to the spectrum of spatial patterns of urbanization, but relatively little attention has been given to small-scale catchments within the realm of urban ...

In 2005, the US Environmental Protection Agency National Menu of Stormwater Best Management Practices, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Phase II for Construction Sites, listed compost filter socks as an approved best management practice for controlling storm runoff and sediment on construction sites. Like most new technologies used to control sediment on construction sites, littl...

Evaluation of phosphorus (P) management strategies to protect water quality has largely relied on research using simulated rainfall to generate runoff from either field plots or shallow boxes packed with soil. Runoff from unmanured, grassed field plots (1 m wide x 2 m long, 3-8% slope) and bare soil boxes (0.2 m wide and 1 m long, 3% slope) was compared using rainfall simulation (75 mm h(-1)) s...