This empirical article examines how the institutional development of home country and host countries in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) are embedded can drive MNEs’ research (R&D) intensity. In doing so, this study analyzes 967 firm-year observations 234 pharmaceutical firms from 30 developed less period 2010 to 2017. We find support for internationalization toward as a driver R&...

The study assesses whether auditors factor into their pricing of an audit engagement the presence inventor CEO given potential conflict interest this may present. Empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that CEOs have more appetite for risk be less business-minded, thus suggesting agency costs firm. We rely on a self-developed database archival data from other sources. Using multivariate regr...

This paper models the determinants of exporting (both in terms of export propensity and export intensity), with a particular emphasis on the importance of absorptive capacity and the endogenous link between exporting and undertaking R&D. Based on a merged dataset of the 2001 Community Innovation Survey and the 2000 Annual Respondents Database for the UK, our results suggest that establishment s...

This paper contains a model of waste elimination through design. It argues for the importance of managing design complexity in improving cost, quality, variety, and time{to{market performance variables. Management of design complexity is identi ̄ed with creation, choice, and application of design problem representations, divisions of design labor, and product architectures that provably eliminat...

Regionalization is a part of globalization and a dynamic process of marching towards globalization. The so-called NADEs (Northeast Asia’s Dynamic Economies) including Japan, Korea and China are expected to lead economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper analyzes the trade and investment relationships among the three countries, points out the necessity for their technological coopera...

This paper investigates the relationship between engagement in consulting activities and the research performance of academic scientists. The study relies on a sample of 2678 individual faculty, from five Spanish universities, who have been recipients of publicly funded grants or have been principal investigators in activities contracted by external agents over the period 1999-2004. By implemen...

Innovation processes within corporations increasingly tap into international technology sources, yet little is known about the relative contribution of different types of innovation channels. We investigate the effectiveness of different types of international technology sourcing activities using survey information on German companies complemented with information from the European Patent Offic...

We compare the investment activities and sources of finance of venture capital (VC) funds in Germany, Israel, Japan and the United Kingdom. VC investments differ across countries in terms of their stage, sector and geographical focus. Sources of VC funds also differ across countries; for example, banks are particularly important in Germany and Japan, corporations in Israel, and pension funds in...

We present evidence on the relative efficiency of U.K. university technology transfer offices (TTOs) using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier estimation (SFE). We find that U.K. TTOs exhibit low levels of absolute efficiency. Universities located in regions with higher levels of R&D and GDP appear to be more efficient in technology transfer, implying that there may be regio...

We present quantitative and qualitative evidence on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices (TTOs). Our empirical results suggest that TTO activity is characterized by constant returns to scale and that environmental and institutional factors explain some of the variation in performance. Productivity may also depend on organizational practices. Unfortunately, there a...