Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has become a widely popular sampled-based search algorithm for two-player games with perfect information. When actions are chosen simultaneously, players may need to mix between their strategies. In this paper, we discuss the adaptation of MCTS to simultaneous move games. We introduce a new algorithm, Online Outcome Sampling (OOS), that approaches a Nash equilibri...

Game theory models decision makers' behaviors in strategic situations. Since the structures of games are different, behavior and preferences of the players are different in various types of game. This paper reviews various situations of games. Here, characteristics of some common games are discussed and compared. Specifically, we focus on a group of games called symmetric games including Prison...

In repeated normal-form (simultaneous-move) games, simple penal codes (Abreu, 1986, 1988) permit an elegant characterization of the set of subgame-perfect outcomes. We show that the logic of simple penal codes fails in repeated extensive-form games. By means of examples, we identify two types of settings in which a subgame-perfect outcome may be supported only by a profile with the property tha...

We model markets with adverse selection as matching markets. In a given match the informed or the uniformed party is chosen to make a take-it-or-leave-it proposal. This allows to account for the simultaneous presence of signaling and screening. Moreover, the possibility to dissolve matches unsuccessfully allows to endogenize the distribution of types in the market. It will be shown that this ap...

abstract there are varieties of researches for appraisal of results obtained by countries in olympics, using data envelopment analysis method. this research is aimed to make such appraisal for iranians’ results in olympics games using the dea method. before taking any measures, main issues of dea methods for appraisal of olympics games in the previous research were discussed, afterward optimiza...

We reconsider Stackelberg’s classical critique of the Cournot duopoly, in the framework of endogenous timing for two-player games. For quantity duopoly we provide different sets of minimal conditions, directly on the demand and cost functions, yielding respectively the simultaneous and the two sequential modes of play. While our findings essentially confirm the predominance of the former, they ...

Symmetric equilibria are constructed for a class of symmetric auction games. The games all have two identical bidders bidding in three simultaneous first-price sealed-bid auctions for identical objects. Information is complete and the bidders’ marginal valuations increase for the second object and then decrease for the third. In all cases the support of the mixture that generates the equilibriu...

This paper characterizes behavior with “noisy” decision making for models of political interaction characterized by simultaneous binary decisions. Applications include: voting participation games, candidate entry, the volunteer's dilemma, and collective action problems with a contribution threshold. A simple graphical device is used to derive comparative statics and other theoretical properties...

In repeated normal-form (simultaneous-move) games, simple penal codes (Abreu, 1986, 1988) permit an elegant characterization of the set of subgame-perfect outcomes. We show that the logic of simple penal codes fails in repeated extensive-form games. By means of examples, we identify two types of settings in which a subgame-perfect outcome may be supported only by a profile with the property tha...

This poster addresses the fundamental research questions that guide our first steps in the design of innovative playful activities for large numbers of people, based primarily on their mere presence. Our research framework draws upon the areas of multiplayer games, instant messaging, social psychology and group behaviour. We introduce the concept of ‘presence based play’ to describe the way soc...