introduction: this in vitro study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a single-file rotary system (oneshape) in reduction of intracanal bacteria. methods and materials: eighty one single-rooted mandibular first premolars with single canals were used. six samples were selected as aseptic control group. seventy five remaining specimens were infected by enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 72 ...

Assembly and alignment of nanowires or nanotubes are critical steps for integrating functional nanodevices by the bottom-up strategy. However, it is still challenging to manipulate either an array of nanowires or individual nanowires in a controllable manner. Here we present a simple but versatile method of positioning and aligning nanowires by hydrodynamic focusing that functions as 'hydro-twe...

background and aims. determining the proper length of the root canals is essential for successful endodontic treatment. the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of file size on the accuracy of the raypex 5 electronic apex locator for working length determination of uninstrumented canals. materials and methods. twenty maxillary central incisors with single straight canals we...