The factors most often cited as the causes of the California crisis are the scarcity of generation capacity, a flawed market design, and the venality of electricity producers. However, many of these attributes were present in other electricity markets, none of which have suffered through anything like the California crisis. The only factor not seen in other markets in the world is the lack of c...

melon is an economically important crop and iran is considered as its diversity center. to investigate gene action, heritability and number of effective factors for yield and related traits, six generations, namely: p1, p2, f1, f2, bc1, and bc2 of two crosses of mirpanji × tashkandi and mirpanji × abasali were produced and evaluated in the spring of 2008, applyig a complete block design of thre...

In 2006, we reported a mariner (Mos1)-transformed Aedes aegypti line, Carb77, which was highly resistant to dengue-2 virus (DENV2). Carb77 mosquitoes expressed a DENV2-specific inverted-repeat (IR) RNA in midgut epithelial cells after ingesting an infectious bloodmeal. The IR-RNA formed double-stranded DENV2-derived RNA, initiating an intracellular antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) response. Ho...

Oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) are one of seven major animal taxa that commonly reproduce by cyclical parthenogenesis (CP). A major question in research on CP taxa is the frequency with which lineages lose their sexual generations, and diversify as purely asexual radiations. Most oak gallwasp species are only known from an asexual generation, and secondary loss of sex has been...

A specific new quark permits that flavor generations constitute a representation of the 3-dimensional SU(3) symmetry that characterizes the Z3 orbifold. In this context, color and local supersymmetry bind triplets and 4tuplets into composite fields of spin 3/2 and spin 2; and the symmetry E8 that characterizes (the observable sector of) 10-spacetime is interpreted as having reduced to SU(5)XSU(...

In 1930 Frey described an unusual involuntary movement of the muscles of the chin, inherited as a dominant characteristic through five generations. Ganner (1938) described a similar family, and in discussion Westphal (1938) mentioned a family in whom this trait could be followed through six generations. Grossman (1957) and Wadlington (1958) reported smaller affected families, and Ford (1960) me...